ABAP Select data from SAP table WCALQ into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP WCALQ table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to WCALQ. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the WCALQ table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_WCALQ TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF WCALQ,
      WA_WCALQ TYPE WCALQ,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <WCALQ> TYPE WCALQ.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_WCALQ.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM WCALQ
  INTO TABLE IT_WCALQ.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM WCALQ
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_WCALQ2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_WCALQ INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_WCALQ2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_WCALQ ASSIGNING <WCALQ>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<WCALQ>-MANDT = 1.
<WCALQ>-FATHEROBJ = 1.
<WCALQ>-CHILDOBJ = 1.
<WCALQ>-CNT = 1.
<WCALQ>-FATHERART = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_WCALQ INTO WA_WCALQ.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_WCALQ-FATHERTYP, sy-vline,
  WA_WCALQ-CHILDART, sy-vline,
  WA_WCALQ-CHILDTYP, sy-vline,
  WA_WCALQ-CTRLFLG1, sy-vline,
  WA_WCALQ-CTRLFLG2, sy-vline,
  WA_WCALQ-CTRLFLG3, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_WCALQ you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_WCALQ TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_WCALQ INTO WA_WCALQ.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_WCALQ_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
FATHEROBJ TYPE STRING,
CHILDOBJ TYPE STRING,
CNT TYPE STRING,
FATHERART TYPE STRING,
FATHERTYP TYPE STRING,
CHILDART TYPE STRING,
CHILDTYP TYPE STRING,
CTRLFLG1 TYPE STRING,
CTRLFLG2 TYPE STRING,
CTRLFLG3 TYPE STRING,
CRNAME TYPE STRING,
CRDATE TYPE STRING,
CRTIME TYPE STRING,
ACTION TYPE STRING,
OBJART TYPE STRING,
OBJTYP TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_WCALQ_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_WCALQ_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_WCALQ_STR-FATHEROBJ sy-vline 
WA_WCALQ_STR-CHILDOBJ sy-vline 
WA_WCALQ_STR-CNT sy-vline 
WA_WCALQ_STR-FATHERART sy-vline 
WA_WCALQ_STR-FATHERTYP sy-vline 
WA_WCALQ_STR-CHILDART sy-vline 
WA_WCALQ_STR-CHILDTYP sy-vline 
WA_WCALQ_STR-CTRLFLG1 sy-vline 
WA_WCALQ_STR-CTRLFLG2 sy-vline 
WA_WCALQ_STR-CTRLFLG3 sy-vline 
WA_WCALQ_STR-CRNAME sy-vline 
WA_WCALQ_STR-CRDATE sy-vline 
WA_WCALQ_STR-CRTIME sy-vline 
WA_WCALQ_STR-ACTION sy-vline 
WA_WCALQ_STR-OBJART sy-vline 
WA_WCALQ_STR-OBJTYP sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.