ABAP Select data from SAP table VZFGD into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP VZFGD table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to VZFGD. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the VZFGD table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_VZFGD TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF VZFGD,
      WA_VZFGD TYPE VZFGD,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <VZFGD> TYPE VZFGD.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_VZFGD.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM VZFGD
  INTO TABLE IT_VZFGD.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM VZFGD
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_VZFGD2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_VZFGD INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_VZFGD2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_VZFGD ASSIGNING <VZFGD>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<VZFGD>-MANDT = 1.
<VZFGD>-SFGOBJ = 1.
<VZFGD>-SKEY1 = 1.
<VZFGD>-SKEY2 = 1.
<VZFGD>-DATUM = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_VZFGD INTO WA_VZFGD.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_VZFGD-UZEIT, sy-vline,
  WA_VZFGD-UNAME, sy-vline,
  WA_VZFGD-SFGST, sy-vline,
  WA_VZFGD-SFGKZ, sy-vline,
  WA_VZFGD-XTEXT15, sy-vline,
  WA_VZFGD-XTEXT50, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_VZFGD you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_VZFGD TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_VZFGD INTO WA_VZFGD.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_VZFGD_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
SFGOBJ TYPE STRING,
SKEY1 TYPE STRING,
SKEY2 TYPE STRING,
DATUM TYPE STRING,
UZEIT TYPE STRING,
UNAME TYPE STRING,
SFGST TYPE STRING,
SFGKZ TYPE STRING,
XTEXT15 TYPE STRING,
XTEXT50 TYPE STRING,
TCODE TYPE STRING,
BEGRU TYPE STRING,
SSTATI TYPE STRING,
XUABTEI TYPE STRING,
VVSLOEKZ TYPE STRING,
GSART TYPE STRING,
BSCHWRT TYPE STRING,
WAERS TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_VZFGD_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_VZFGD_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_VZFGD_STR-SFGOBJ sy-vline 
WA_VZFGD_STR-SKEY1 sy-vline 
WA_VZFGD_STR-SKEY2 sy-vline 
WA_VZFGD_STR-DATUM sy-vline 
WA_VZFGD_STR-UZEIT sy-vline 
WA_VZFGD_STR-UNAME sy-vline 
WA_VZFGD_STR-SFGST sy-vline 
WA_VZFGD_STR-SFGKZ sy-vline 
WA_VZFGD_STR-XTEXT15 sy-vline 
WA_VZFGD_STR-XTEXT50 sy-vline 
WA_VZFGD_STR-TCODE sy-vline 
WA_VZFGD_STR-BEGRU sy-vline 
WA_VZFGD_STR-SSTATI sy-vline 
WA_VZFGD_STR-XUABTEI sy-vline 
WA_VZFGD_STR-VVSLOEKZ sy-vline 
WA_VZFGD_STR-GSART sy-vline 
WA_VZFGD_STR-BSCHWRT sy-vline 
WA_VZFGD_STR-WAERS sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.