ABAP Select data from SAP table VTB_S_GES into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP VTB_S_GES table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to VTB_S_GES. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the VTB_S_GES table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_VTB_S_GES TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF VTB_S_GES,
      WA_VTB_S_GES TYPE VTB_S_GES,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <VTB_S_GES> TYPE VTB_S_GES.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_VTB_S_GES.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM VTB_S_GES
  INTO TABLE IT_VTB_S_GES.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM VTB_S_GES
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_VTB_S_GES2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_VTB_S_GES INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_VTB_S_GES2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_VTB_S_GES ASSIGNING <VTB_S_GES>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<VTB_S_GES>-BUKRS = 1.
<VTB_S_GES>-RFHA = 1.
<VTB_S_GES>-OPT_NR = 1.
<VTB_S_GES>-RANTYP = 1.
<VTB_S_GES>-SFGTYP = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_VTB_S_GES INTO WA_VTB_S_GES.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_VTB_S_GES-SGSART, sy-vline,
  WA_VTB_S_GES-SANLF, sy-vline,
  WA_VTB_S_GES-SFHAART, sy-vline,
  WA_VTB_S_GES-RFHAZUL, sy-vline,
  WA_VTB_S_GES-SFGZUSTT, sy-vline,
  WA_VTB_S_GES-RREFKONT, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_VTB_S_GES you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_VTB_S_GES TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_VTB_S_GES INTO WA_VTB_S_GES.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field RFHA
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VTB_S_GES-RFHA
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VTB_S_GES-RFHA.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field OPT_NR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VTB_S_GES-OPT_NR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VTB_S_GES-OPT_NR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field KONTRH
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VTB_S_GES-KONTRH
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VTB_S_GES-KONTRH.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field RGATT
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VTB_S_GES-RGATT
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VTB_S_GES-RGATT.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field RANL
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VTB_S_GES-RANL
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VTB_S_GES-RANL.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_VTB_S_GES_STR, 
BUKRS TYPE STRING,
RFHA TYPE STRING,
OPT_NR TYPE STRING,
RANTYP TYPE STRING,
SFGTYP TYPE STRING,
SGSART TYPE STRING,
SANLF TYPE STRING,
SFHAART TYPE STRING,
RFHAZUL TYPE STRING,
SFGZUSTT TYPE STRING,
RREFKONT TYPE STRING,
RPORTB TYPE STRING,
WGSCHFT TYPE STRING,
WGSCHFT1 TYPE STRING,
WGSCHFT2 TYPE STRING,
ZUONR TYPE STRING,
DBLFZ TYPE STRING,
DELFZ TYPE STRING,
DVTRAB TYPE STRING,
DEALER TYPE STRING,
KONTRH TYPE STRING,
OBJNR TYPE STRING,
SCAPFLOOR TYPE STRING,
RGATT TYPE STRING,
RLDEPO TYPE STRING,
ZUOND TYPE STRING,
REFER TYPE STRING,
MERKM TYPE STRING,
RANL TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_VTB_S_GES_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-BUKRS sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-RFHA sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-OPT_NR sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-RANTYP sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-SFGTYP sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-SGSART sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-SANLF sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-SFHAART sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-RFHAZUL sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-SFGZUSTT sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-RREFKONT sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-RPORTB sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-WGSCHFT sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-WGSCHFT1 sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-WGSCHFT2 sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-ZUONR sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-DBLFZ sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-DELFZ sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-DVTRAB sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-DEALER sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-KONTRH sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-OBJNR sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-SCAPFLOOR sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-RGATT sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-RLDEPO sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-ZUOND sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-REFER sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-MERKM sy-vline 
WA_VTB_S_GES_STR-RANL sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.