ABAP Select data from SAP table VOICQ4 into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP VOICQ4 table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to VOICQ4. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the VOICQ4 table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_VOICQ4 TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF VOICQ4,
      WA_VOICQ4 TYPE VOICQ4,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <VOICQ4> TYPE VOICQ4.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_VOICQ4.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM VOICQ4
  INTO TABLE IT_VOICQ4.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM VOICQ4
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_VOICQ42).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_VOICQ4 INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_VOICQ42).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_VOICQ4 ASSIGNING <VOICQ4>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<VOICQ4>-MANDT = 1.
<VOICQ4>-KNUMH = 1.
<VOICQ4>-KOPOS = 1.
<VOICQ4>-FORAVB = 1.
<VOICQ4>-FORDESC = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_VOICQ4 INTO WA_VOICQ4.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_VOICQ4-FORMVAL, sy-vline,
  WA_VOICQ4-FORMCURR, sy-vline,
  WA_VOICQ4-FORSTATUS, sy-vline,
  WA_VOICQ4-RATECURR, sy-vline,
  WA_VOICQ4-FORMUOM, sy-vline,
  WA_VOICQ4-FORMPER, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_VOICQ4 you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_VOICQ4 TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_VOICQ4 INTO WA_VOICQ4.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit CUNIT, internal->external for field FORMUOM
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_CUNIT_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VOICQ4-FORMUOM
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VOICQ4-FORMUOM.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_VOICQ4_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
KNUMH TYPE STRING,
KOPOS TYPE STRING,
FORAVB TYPE STRING,
FORDESC TYPE STRING,
FORMVAL TYPE STRING,
FORMCURR TYPE STRING,
FORSTATUS TYPE STRING,
RATECURR TYPE STRING,
FORMUOM TYPE STRING,
FORMPER TYPE STRING,
UOMCNVRL TYPE STRING,
FORMUMZA TYPE STRING,
FORMUMNE TYPE STRING,
RATEBASED TYPE STRING,
KZ TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_VOICQ4_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_VOICQ4_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_VOICQ4_STR-KNUMH sy-vline 
WA_VOICQ4_STR-KOPOS sy-vline 
WA_VOICQ4_STR-FORAVB sy-vline 
WA_VOICQ4_STR-FORDESC sy-vline 
WA_VOICQ4_STR-FORMVAL sy-vline 
WA_VOICQ4_STR-FORMCURR sy-vline 
WA_VOICQ4_STR-FORSTATUS sy-vline 
WA_VOICQ4_STR-RATECURR sy-vline 
WA_VOICQ4_STR-FORMUOM sy-vline 
WA_VOICQ4_STR-FORMPER sy-vline 
WA_VOICQ4_STR-UOMCNVRL sy-vline 
WA_VOICQ4_STR-FORMUMZA sy-vline 
WA_VOICQ4_STR-FORMUMNE sy-vline 
WA_VOICQ4_STR-RATEBASED sy-vline 
WA_VOICQ4_STR-KZ sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.