ABAP Select data from SAP table VL31_HIST into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP VL31_HIST table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to VL31_HIST. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the VL31_HIST table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_VL31_HIST TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF VL31_HIST,
      WA_VL31_HIST TYPE VL31_HIST,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <VL31_HIST> TYPE VL31_HIST.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_VL31_HIST.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM VL31_HIST
  INTO TABLE IT_VL31_HIST.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM VL31_HIST
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_VL31_HIST2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_VL31_HIST INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_VL31_HIST2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_VL31_HIST ASSIGNING <VL31_HIST>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<VL31_HIST>-MANDT = 1.
<VL31_HIST>-EBELN = 1.
<VL31_HIST>-EBELP = 1.
<VL31_HIST>-ZEKKN = 1.
<VL31_HIST>-VGABE = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_VL31_HIST INTO WA_VL31_HIST.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_VL31_HIST-GJAHR, sy-vline,
  WA_VL31_HIST-BELNR, sy-vline,
  WA_VL31_HIST-BUZEI, sy-vline,
  WA_VL31_HIST-BEWTP, sy-vline,
  WA_VL31_HIST-BWART, sy-vline,
  WA_VL31_HIST-BUDAT, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_VL31_HIST you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_VL31_HIST TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_VL31_HIST INTO WA_VL31_HIST.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field EBELN
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VL31_HIST-EBELN
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VL31_HIST-EBELN.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit GJAHR, internal->external for field GJAHR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_GJAHR_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VL31_HIST-GJAHR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VL31_HIST-GJAHR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field BELNR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VL31_HIST-BELNR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VL31_HIST-BELNR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit CUNIT, internal->external for field MEINS
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_CUNIT_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VL31_HIST-MEINS
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VL31_HIST-MEINS.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit CUNIT, internal->external for field BPRME
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_CUNIT_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VL31_HIST-BPRME
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VL31_HIST-BPRME.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit GJAHR, internal->external for field LFGJA
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_GJAHR_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VL31_HIST-LFGJA
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VL31_HIST-LFGJA.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field LFBNR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VL31_HIST-LFBNR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VL31_HIST-LFBNR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit MATN1, internal->external for field MATNR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_MATN1_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VL31_HIST-MATNR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VL31_HIST-MATNR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit CUNIT, internal->external for field LSMEH
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_CUNIT_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VL31_HIST-LSMEH
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VL31_HIST-LSMEH.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit MATN1, internal->external for field EMATN
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_MATN1_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VL31_HIST-EMATN
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VL31_HIST-EMATN.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field SRVPOS
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VL31_HIST-SRVPOS
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VL31_HIST-SRVPOS.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_VL31_HIST_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
EBELN TYPE STRING,
EBELP TYPE STRING,
ZEKKN TYPE STRING,
VGABE TYPE STRING,
GJAHR TYPE STRING,
BELNR TYPE STRING,
BUZEI TYPE STRING,
BEWTP TYPE STRING,
BWART TYPE STRING,
BUDAT TYPE STRING,
MENGE TYPE STRING,
MEINS TYPE STRING,
BPMNG TYPE STRING,
BPRME TYPE STRING,
DMBTR TYPE STRING,
HSWAE TYPE STRING,
WRBTR TYPE STRING,
WAERS TYPE STRING,
AREWR TYPE STRING,
WESBS TYPE STRING,
BPWES TYPE STRING,
SHKZG TYPE STRING,
BWTAR TYPE STRING,
ELIKZ TYPE STRING,
XBLNR TYPE STRING,
LFGJA TYPE STRING,
LFBNR TYPE STRING,
LFPOS TYPE STRING,
GRUND TYPE STRING,
CPUDT TYPE STRING,
CPUTM TYPE STRING,
REEWR TYPE STRING,
EVERE TYPE STRING,
REFWR TYPE STRING,
MATNR TYPE STRING,
WERKS TYPE STRING,
XWSBR TYPE STRING,
ETENS TYPE STRING,
KNUMV TYPE STRING,
MWSKZ TYPE STRING,
LSMNG TYPE STRING,
LSMEH TYPE STRING,
EMATN TYPE STRING,
AREWW TYPE STRING,
BAMNG TYPE STRING,
CHARG TYPE STRING,
BLDAT TYPE STRING,
XWOFF TYPE STRING,
XUNPL TYPE STRING,
ERNAM TYPE STRING,
SRVPOS TYPE STRING,
PACKNO TYPE STRING,
INTROW TYPE STRING,
BEKKN TYPE STRING,
BSTYP TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_VL31_HIST_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-EBELN sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-EBELP sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-ZEKKN sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-VGABE sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-GJAHR sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-BELNR sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-BUZEI sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-BEWTP sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-BWART sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-BUDAT sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-MENGE sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-MEINS sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-BPMNG sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-BPRME sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-DMBTR sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-HSWAE sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-WRBTR sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-WAERS sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-AREWR sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-WESBS sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-BPWES sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-SHKZG sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-BWTAR sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-ELIKZ sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-XBLNR sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-LFGJA sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-LFBNR sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-LFPOS sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-GRUND sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-CPUDT sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-CPUTM sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-REEWR sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-EVERE sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-REFWR sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-MATNR sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-WERKS sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-XWSBR sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-ETENS sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-KNUMV sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-MWSKZ sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-LSMNG sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-LSMEH sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-EMATN sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-AREWW sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-BAMNG sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-CHARG sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-BLDAT sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-XWOFF sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-XUNPL sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-ERNAM sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-SRVPOS sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-PACKNO sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-INTROW sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-BEKKN sy-vline 
WA_VL31_HIST_STR-BSTYP sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.