ABAP Select data from SAP table VIOB18 into internal table

Get Example source ABAP code based on a different SAP table
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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP VIOB18 table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to VIOB18. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the VIOB18 table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_VIOB18 TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF VIOB18,
      WA_VIOB18 TYPE VIOB18,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <VIOB18> TYPE VIOB18.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_VIOB18.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM VIOB18
  INTO TABLE IT_VIOB18.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM VIOB18
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_VIOB182).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_VIOB18 INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_VIOB182).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_VIOB18 ASSIGNING <VIOB18>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<VIOB18>-MANDT = 1.
<VIOB18>-BUKRS = 1.
<VIOB18>-RVGLWHN = 1.
<VIOB18>-AZIMM = 1.
<VIOB18>-AHALBZI = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_VIOB18 INTO WA_VIOB18.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_VIOB18-STOCK, sy-vline,
  WA_VIOB18-XLAGE, sy-vline,
  WA_VIOB18-SMOEBL, sy-vline,
  WA_VIOB18-SHEIZART, sy-vline,
  WA_VIOB18-SGEBT, sy-vline,
  WA_VIOB18-XAUSTKL, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_VIOB18 you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_VIOB18 TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_VIOB18 INTO WA_VIOB18.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit CUNIT, internal->external for field FEINS
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_CUNIT_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VIOB18-FEINS
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VIOB18-FEINS.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit IMKEY, internal->external for field IMKEY
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_IMKEY_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VIOB18-IMKEY
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VIOB18-IMKEY.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_VIOB18_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
BUKRS TYPE STRING,
RVGLWHN TYPE STRING,
AZIMM TYPE STRING,
AHALBZI TYPE STRING,
STOCK TYPE STRING,
XLAGE TYPE STRING,
SMOEBL TYPE STRING,
SHEIZART TYPE STRING,
SGEBT TYPE STRING,
XAUSTKL TYPE STRING,
BGRUNDM TYPE STRING,
WGRUNDM TYPE STRING,
FWOHNFL TYPE STRING,
FEINS TYPE STRING,
YBAUJAHR TYPE STRING,
SMIETSP TYPE STRING,
JLOESCH TYPE STRING,
IMKEY TYPE STRING,
RERF TYPE STRING,
DERF TYPE STRING,
TERF TYPE STRING,
REHER TYPE STRING,
RBEAR TYPE STRING,
DBEAR TYPE STRING,
TBEAR TYPE STRING,
RBHER TYPE STRING,
SSTOCKW TYPE STRING,
INTRENO TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_VIOB18_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_VIOB18_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-BUKRS sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-RVGLWHN sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-AZIMM sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-AHALBZI sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-STOCK sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-XLAGE sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-SMOEBL sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-SHEIZART sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-SGEBT sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-XAUSTKL sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-BGRUNDM sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-WGRUNDM sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-FWOHNFL sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-FEINS sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-YBAUJAHR sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-SMIETSP sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-JLOESCH sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-IMKEY sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-RERF sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-DERF sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-TERF sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-REHER sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-RBEAR sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-DBEAR sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-TBEAR sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-RBHER sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-SSTOCKW sy-vline 
WA_VIOB18_STR-INTRENO sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.