ABAP Select data from SAP table VIAK12 into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP VIAK12 table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to VIAK12. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the VIAK12 table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_VIAK12 TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF VIAK12,
      WA_VIAK12 TYPE VIAK12,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <VIAK12> TYPE VIAK12.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_VIAK12.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM VIAK12
  INTO TABLE IT_VIAK12.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM VIAK12
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_VIAK122).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_VIAK12 INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_VIAK122).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_VIAK12 ASSIGNING <VIAK12>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<VIAK12>-MANDT = 1.
<VIAK12>-BUKRS = 1.
<VIAK12>-AESWENR = 1.
<VIAK12>-AESNKSL = 1.
<VIAK12>-AESEMPSL = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_VIAK12 INTO WA_VIAK12.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_VIAK12-DVONPER, sy-vline,
  WA_VIAK12-DBISPER, sy-vline,
  WA_VIAK12-TABIX, sy-vline,
  WA_VIAK12-MSGTY, sy-vline,
  WA_VIAK12-ARBGB, sy-vline,
  WA_VIAK12-MSGNR, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_VIAK12 you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_VIAK12 TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_VIAK12 INTO WA_VIAK12.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit SWENR, internal->external for field AESWENR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_SWENR_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VIAK12-AESWENR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VIAK12-AESWENR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field AESNKSL
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VIAK12-AESNKSL
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VIAK12-AESNKSL.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field AESEMPSL
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VIAK12-AESEMPSL
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VIAK12-AESEMPSL.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_VIAK12_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
BUKRS TYPE STRING,
AESWENR TYPE STRING,
AESNKSL TYPE STRING,
AESEMPSL TYPE STRING,
DVONPER TYPE STRING,
DBISPER TYPE STRING,
TABIX TYPE STRING,
MSGTY TYPE STRING,
ARBGB TYPE STRING,
MSGNR TYPE STRING,
MSGTEXT TYPE STRING,
MSGV1 TYPE STRING,
MSGV2 TYPE STRING,
MSGV3 TYPE STRING,
MSGV4 TYPE STRING,
DABRECH TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_VIAK12_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_VIAK12_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_VIAK12_STR-BUKRS sy-vline 
WA_VIAK12_STR-AESWENR sy-vline 
WA_VIAK12_STR-AESNKSL sy-vline 
WA_VIAK12_STR-AESEMPSL sy-vline 
WA_VIAK12_STR-DVONPER sy-vline 
WA_VIAK12_STR-DBISPER sy-vline 
WA_VIAK12_STR-TABIX sy-vline 
WA_VIAK12_STR-MSGTY sy-vline 
WA_VIAK12_STR-ARBGB sy-vline 
WA_VIAK12_STR-MSGNR sy-vline 
WA_VIAK12_STR-MSGTEXT sy-vline 
WA_VIAK12_STR-MSGV1 sy-vline 
WA_VIAK12_STR-MSGV2 sy-vline 
WA_VIAK12_STR-MSGV3 sy-vline 
WA_VIAK12_STR-MSGV4 sy-vline 
WA_VIAK12_STR-DABRECH sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.