ABAP Select data from SAP table VIAK04_TXT into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP VIAK04_TXT table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to VIAK04_TXT. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the VIAK04_TXT table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_VIAK04_TXT TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF VIAK04_TXT,
      WA_VIAK04_TXT TYPE VIAK04_TXT,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <VIAK04_TXT> TYPE VIAK04_TXT.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_VIAK04_TXT.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM VIAK04_TXT
  INTO TABLE IT_VIAK04_TXT.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM VIAK04_TXT
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_VIAK04_TXT2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_VIAK04_TXT INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_VIAK04_TXT2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_VIAK04_TXT ASSIGNING <VIAK04_TXT>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<VIAK04_TXT>-MANDT = 1.
<VIAK04_TXT>-BUKRS = 1.
<VIAK04_TXT>-SWENR = 1.
<VIAK04_TXT>-SNKSL = 1.
<VIAK04_TXT>-SEMPSL = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_VIAK04_TXT INTO WA_VIAK04_TXT.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_VIAK04_TXT-DGULTAB, sy-vline,
  WA_VIAK04_TXT-SABRG, sy-vline,
  WA_VIAK04_TXT-ABRVAR, sy-vline,
  WA_VIAK04_TXT-RERF, sy-vline,
  WA_VIAK04_TXT-DERF, sy-vline,
  WA_VIAK04_TXT-TERF, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_VIAK04_TXT you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_VIAK04_TXT TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_VIAK04_TXT INTO WA_VIAK04_TXT.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit SWENR, internal->external for field SWENR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_SWENR_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VIAK04_TXT-SWENR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VIAK04_TXT-SWENR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field SNKSL
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VIAK04_TXT-SNKSL
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VIAK04_TXT-SNKSL.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field SEMPSL
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VIAK04_TXT-SEMPSL
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VIAK04_TXT-SEMPSL.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_VIAK04_TXT_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
BUKRS TYPE STRING,
SWENR TYPE STRING,
SNKSL TYPE STRING,
SEMPSL TYPE STRING,
DGULTAB TYPE STRING,
SABRG TYPE STRING,
ABRVAR TYPE STRING,
RERF TYPE STRING,
DERF TYPE STRING,
TERF TYPE STRING,
REHER TYPE STRING,
RBEAR TYPE STRING,
DBEAR TYPE STRING,
TBEAR TYPE STRING,
RBHER TYPE STRING,
XNKSLK TYPE STRING,
XNKSL TYPE STRING,
XEMPSL TYPE STRING,
XUMLEK TYPE STRING,
XUMLEL TYPE STRING,
XABRTEXT TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_VIAK04_TXT_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_VIAK04_TXT_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_VIAK04_TXT_STR-BUKRS sy-vline 
WA_VIAK04_TXT_STR-SWENR sy-vline 
WA_VIAK04_TXT_STR-SNKSL sy-vline 
WA_VIAK04_TXT_STR-SEMPSL sy-vline 
WA_VIAK04_TXT_STR-DGULTAB sy-vline 
WA_VIAK04_TXT_STR-SABRG sy-vline 
WA_VIAK04_TXT_STR-ABRVAR sy-vline 
WA_VIAK04_TXT_STR-RERF sy-vline 
WA_VIAK04_TXT_STR-DERF sy-vline 
WA_VIAK04_TXT_STR-TERF sy-vline 
WA_VIAK04_TXT_STR-REHER sy-vline 
WA_VIAK04_TXT_STR-RBEAR sy-vline 
WA_VIAK04_TXT_STR-DBEAR sy-vline 
WA_VIAK04_TXT_STR-TBEAR sy-vline 
WA_VIAK04_TXT_STR-RBHER sy-vline 
WA_VIAK04_TXT_STR-XNKSLK sy-vline 
WA_VIAK04_TXT_STR-XNKSL sy-vline 
WA_VIAK04_TXT_STR-XEMPSL sy-vline 
WA_VIAK04_TXT_STR-XUMLEK sy-vline 
WA_VIAK04_TXT_STR-XUMLEL sy-vline 
WA_VIAK04_TXT_STR-XABRTEXT sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.