ABAP Select data from SAP table VBLK into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP VBLK table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to VBLK. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the VBLK table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_VBLK TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF VBLK,
      WA_VBLK TYPE VBLK,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <VBLK> TYPE VBLK.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_VBLK.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM VBLK
  INTO TABLE IT_VBLK.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM VBLK
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_VBLK2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_VBLK INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_VBLK2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_VBLK ASSIGNING <VBLK>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<VBLK>-MANDT = 1.
<VBLK>-VBELN = 1.
<VBLK>-LFART = 1.
<VBLK>-VSTEL = 1.
<VBLK>-LFDAT = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_VBLK INTO WA_VBLK.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_VBLK-FKDAT, sy-vline,
  WA_VBLK-LDDAT, sy-vline,
  WA_VBLK-WADAT, sy-vline,
  WA_VBLK-TDDAT, sy-vline,
  WA_VBLK-KBDAT, sy-vline,
  WA_VBLK-ROUTE, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_VBLK you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_VBLK TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_VBLK INTO WA_VBLK.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field VBELN
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VBLK-VBELN
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VBLK-VBELN.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_VBLK_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
VBELN TYPE STRING,
LFART TYPE STRING,
VSTEL TYPE STRING,
LFDAT TYPE STRING,
FKDAT TYPE STRING,
LDDAT TYPE STRING,
WADAT TYPE STRING,
TDDAT TYPE STRING,
KBDAT TYPE STRING,
ROUTE TYPE STRING,
ROUTI TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_VBLK_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_VBLK_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_VBLK_STR-VBELN sy-vline 
WA_VBLK_STR-LFART sy-vline 
WA_VBLK_STR-VSTEL sy-vline 
WA_VBLK_STR-LFDAT sy-vline 
WA_VBLK_STR-FKDAT sy-vline 
WA_VBLK_STR-LDDAT sy-vline 
WA_VBLK_STR-WADAT sy-vline 
WA_VBLK_STR-TDDAT sy-vline 
WA_VBLK_STR-KBDAT sy-vline 
WA_VBLK_STR-ROUTE sy-vline 
WA_VBLK_STR-ROUTI sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.