ABAP Select data from SAP table VBEH into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP VBEH table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to VBEH. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the VBEH table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_VBEH TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF VBEH,
      WA_VBEH TYPE VBEH,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <VBEH> TYPE VBEH.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_VBEH.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM VBEH
  INTO TABLE IT_VBEH.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM VBEH
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_VBEH2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_VBEH INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_VBEH2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_VBEH ASSIGNING <VBEH>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<VBEH>-MANDT = 1.
<VBEH>-VBELN = 1.
<VBEH>-POSNR = 1.
<VBEH>-ETENR = 1.
<VBEH>-ABRLI = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_VBEH INTO WA_VBEH.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_VBEH-ABART, sy-vline,
  WA_VBEH-PRGRS, sy-vline,
  WA_VBEH-EZEIT, sy-vline,
  WA_VBEH-EDATU, sy-vline,
  WA_VBEH-WMENG, sy-vline,
  WA_VBEH-ETART, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_VBEH you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_VBEH TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_VBEH INTO WA_VBEH.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field VBELN
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VBEH-VBELN
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VBEH-VBELN.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_VBEH_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
VBELN TYPE STRING,
POSNR TYPE STRING,
ETENR TYPE STRING,
ABRLI TYPE STRING,
ABART TYPE STRING,
PRGRS TYPE STRING,
EZEIT TYPE STRING,
EDATU TYPE STRING,
WMENG TYPE STRING,
ETART TYPE STRING,
_DATAAGING TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_VBEH_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_VBEH_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_VBEH_STR-VBELN sy-vline 
WA_VBEH_STR-POSNR sy-vline 
WA_VBEH_STR-ETENR sy-vline 
WA_VBEH_STR-ABRLI sy-vline 
WA_VBEH_STR-ABART sy-vline 
WA_VBEH_STR-PRGRS sy-vline 
WA_VBEH_STR-EZEIT sy-vline 
WA_VBEH_STR-EDATU sy-vline 
WA_VBEH_STR-WMENG sy-vline 
WA_VBEH_STR-ETART sy-vline 
WA_VBEH_STR-_DATAAGING sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.