ABAP Select data from SAP table VACST into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP VACST table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to VACST. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the VACST table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_VACST TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF VACST,
      WA_VACST TYPE VACST,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <VACST> TYPE VACST.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_VACST.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM VACST
  INTO TABLE IT_VACST.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM VACST
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_VACST2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_VACST INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_VACST2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_VACST ASSIGNING <VACST>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<VACST>-WERKS = 1.
<VACST>-BTRTL = 1.
<VACST>-BUKRS = 1.
<VACST>-PERSG = 1.
<VACST>-PERSK = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_VACST INTO WA_VACST.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_VACST-ABKRS, sy-vline,
  WA_VACST-TRFAR, sy-vline,
  WA_VACST-TRFGB, sy-vline,
  WA_VACST-TRFGR, sy-vline,
  WA_VACST-TRFST, sy-vline,
  WA_VACST-TEILK, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_VACST you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_VACST TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_VACST INTO WA_VACST.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_VACST_STR, 
WERKS TYPE STRING,
BTRTL TYPE STRING,
BUKRS TYPE STRING,
PERSG TYPE STRING,
PERSK TYPE STRING,
ABKRS TYPE STRING,
TRFAR TYPE STRING,
TRFGB TYPE STRING,
TRFGR TYPE STRING,
TRFST TYPE STRING,
TEILK TYPE STRING,
KZTIM TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_VACST_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_VACST_STR-WERKS sy-vline 
WA_VACST_STR-BTRTL sy-vline 
WA_VACST_STR-BUKRS sy-vline 
WA_VACST_STR-PERSG sy-vline 
WA_VACST_STR-PERSK sy-vline 
WA_VACST_STR-ABKRS sy-vline 
WA_VACST_STR-TRFAR sy-vline 
WA_VACST_STR-TRFGB sy-vline 
WA_VACST_STR-TRFGR sy-vline 
WA_VACST_STR-TRFST sy-vline 
WA_VACST_STR-TEILK sy-vline 
WA_VACST_STR-KZTIM sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.