ABAP Select data from SAP table V_T851 into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP V_T851 table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to V_T851. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the V_T851 table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_V_T851 TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF V_T851,
      WA_V_T851 TYPE V_T851,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <V_T851> TYPE V_T851.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_V_T851.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM V_T851
  INTO TABLE IT_V_T851.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM V_T851
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_V_T8512).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_V_T851 INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_V_T8512).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_V_T851 ASSIGNING <V_T851>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<V_T851>-MANDT = 1.
<V_T851>-RLDNR = 1.
<V_T851>-RVERS = 1.
<V_T851>-RCOMP = 1.
<V_T851>-RASSC = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_V_T851 INTO WA_V_T851.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_V_T851-RYEAR, sy-vline,
  WA_V_T851-PERID, sy-vline,
  WA_V_T851-SEQNR, sy-vline,
  WA_V_T851-ITEM, sy-vline,
  WA_V_T851-RMVCT, sy-vline,
  WA_V_T851-UCOMP, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_V_T851 you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_V_T851 TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_V_T851 INTO WA_V_T851.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field RLDNR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_V_T851-RLDNR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_V_T851-RLDNR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field RVERS
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_V_T851-RVERS
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_V_T851-RVERS.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field RCOMP
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_V_T851-RCOMP
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_V_T851-RCOMP.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field RASSC
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_V_T851-RASSC
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_V_T851-RASSC.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit GJAHR, internal->external for field RYEAR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_GJAHR_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_V_T851-RYEAR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_V_T851-RYEAR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field ITEM
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_V_T851-ITEM
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_V_T851-ITEM.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field UCOMP
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_V_T851-UCOMP
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_V_T851-UCOMP.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_V_T851_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
RLDNR TYPE STRING,
RVERS TYPE STRING,
RCOMP TYPE STRING,
RASSC TYPE STRING,
RYEAR TYPE STRING,
PERID TYPE STRING,
SEQNR TYPE STRING,
ITEM TYPE STRING,
RMVCT TYPE STRING,
UCOMP TYPE STRING,
VALDB TYPE STRING,
TXT TYPE STRING,
SIGN TYPE STRING,
CHAHO TYPE STRING,
BKVLC TYPE STRING,
EXTYP TYPE STRING,
EXCHA TYPE STRING,
BKVRC TYPE STRING,
KZ_PCNT TYPE STRING,
PCNT1 TYPE STRING,
PCNT2 TYPE STRING,
PCNT3 TYPE STRING,
PCNT4 TYPE STRING,
NV2LC TYPE STRING,
NV3LC TYPE STRING,
KZCON TYPE STRING,
IQERT TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_V_T851_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_V_T851_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-RLDNR sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-RVERS sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-RCOMP sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-RASSC sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-RYEAR sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-PERID sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-SEQNR sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-ITEM sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-RMVCT sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-UCOMP sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-VALDB sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-TXT sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-SIGN sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-CHAHO sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-BKVLC sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-EXTYP sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-EXCHA sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-BKVRC sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-KZ_PCNT sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-PCNT1 sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-PCNT2 sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-PCNT3 sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-PCNT4 sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-NV2LC sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-NV3LC sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-KZCON sy-vline 
WA_V_T851_STR-IQERT sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.