ABAP Select data from SAP table U_18401 into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP U_18401 table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to U_18401. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the U_18401 table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_U_18401 TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF U_18401,
      WA_U_18401 TYPE U_18401,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <U_18401> TYPE U_18401.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_U_18401.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM U_18401
  INTO TABLE IT_U_18401.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM U_18401
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_U_184012).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_U_18401 INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_U_184012).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_U_18401 ASSIGNING <U_18401>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<U_18401>-MANDT = 1.
<U_18401>-EINRI = 1.
<U_18401>-ZOTYP = 1.
<U_18401>-TARIF = 1.
<U_18401>-TALST = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_U_18401 INTO WA_U_18401.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_U_18401-ZUTAR, sy-vline,
  WA_U_18401-ZULST, sy-vline,
  WA_U_18401-ENDDT, sy-vline,
  WA_U_18401-BEGDT, sy-vline,
  WA_U_18401-UPDAT, sy-vline,
  WA_U_18401-UPUSR, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_U_18401 you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_U_18401 TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_U_18401 INTO WA_U_18401.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field EINRI
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_U_18401-EINRI
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_U_18401-EINRI.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field ZOTYP
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_U_18401-ZOTYP
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_U_18401-ZOTYP.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field TARIF
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_U_18401-TARIF
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_U_18401-TARIF.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field TALST
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_U_18401-TALST
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_U_18401-TALST.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field ZUTAR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_U_18401-ZUTAR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_U_18401-ZUTAR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field ZULST
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_U_18401-ZULST
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_U_18401-ZULST.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_U_18401_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
EINRI TYPE STRING,
ZOTYP TYPE STRING,
TARIF TYPE STRING,
TALST TYPE STRING,
ZUTAR TYPE STRING,
ZULST TYPE STRING,
ENDDT TYPE STRING,
BEGDT TYPE STRING,
UPDAT TYPE STRING,
UPUSR TYPE STRING,
LOEKZ TYPE STRING,
LOUSR TYPE STRING,
LODAT TYPE STRING,
ERDAT TYPE STRING,
ERUSR TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_U_18401_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_U_18401_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_U_18401_STR-EINRI sy-vline 
WA_U_18401_STR-ZOTYP sy-vline 
WA_U_18401_STR-TARIF sy-vline 
WA_U_18401_STR-TALST sy-vline 
WA_U_18401_STR-ZUTAR sy-vline 
WA_U_18401_STR-ZULST sy-vline 
WA_U_18401_STR-ENDDT sy-vline 
WA_U_18401_STR-BEGDT sy-vline 
WA_U_18401_STR-UPDAT sy-vline 
WA_U_18401_STR-UPUSR sy-vline 
WA_U_18401_STR-LOEKZ sy-vline 
WA_U_18401_STR-LOUSR sy-vline 
WA_U_18401_STR-LODAT sy-vline 
WA_U_18401_STR-ERDAT sy-vline 
WA_U_18401_STR-ERUSR sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.