ABAP Select data from SAP table TNCH51 into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP TNCH51 table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to TNCH51. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the TNCH51 table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_TNCH51 TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF TNCH51,
      WA_TNCH51 TYPE TNCH51,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <TNCH51> TYPE TNCH51.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_TNCH51.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM TNCH51
  INTO TABLE IT_TNCH51.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM TNCH51
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_TNCH512).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_TNCH51 INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_TNCH512).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_TNCH51 ASSIGNING <TNCH51>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<TNCH51>-MANDT = 1.
<TNCH51>-EINRI = 1.
<TNCH51>-ABRV = 1.
<TNCH51>-POSNO = 1.
<TNCH51>-RANKI = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_TNCH51 INTO WA_TNCH51.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_TNCH51-TALST, sy-vline,
  WA_TNCH51-CLASS1, sy-vline,
  WA_TNCH51-CLASS2, sy-vline,
  WA_TNCH51-CLASS3, sy-vline,
  WA_TNCH51-ERBOE, sy-vline,
  WA_TNCH51-ANFOE, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_TNCH51 you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_TNCH51 TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_TNCH51 INTO WA_TNCH51.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field EINRI
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_TNCH51-EINRI
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_TNCH51-EINRI.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field ABRV
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_TNCH51-ABRV
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_TNCH51-ABRV.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field RANKI
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_TNCH51-RANKI
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_TNCH51-RANKI.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field TALST
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_TNCH51-TALST
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_TNCH51-TALST.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field ERBOE
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_TNCH51-ERBOE
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_TNCH51-ERBOE.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field ANFOE
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_TNCH51-ANFOE
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_TNCH51-ANFOE.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field TAGRU
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_TNCH51-TAGRU
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_TNCH51-TAGRU.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field ENTGA
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_TNCH51-ENTGA
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_TNCH51-ENTGA.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field ACCCAT
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_TNCH51-ACCCAT
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_TNCH51-ACCCAT.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_TNCH51_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
EINRI TYPE STRING,
ABRV TYPE STRING,
POSNO TYPE STRING,
RANKI TYPE STRING,
TALST TYPE STRING,
CLASS1 TYPE STRING,
CLASS2 TYPE STRING,
CLASS3 TYPE STRING,
ERBOE TYPE STRING,
ANFOE TYPE STRING,
BEWTY TYPE STRING,
BWART TYPE STRING,
EINHEIT TYPE STRING,
PERIODE TYPE STRING,
TAGRU TYPE STRING,
ENTGA TYPE STRING,
KLFTYP TYPE STRING,
KLFART TYPE STRING,
ACCCAT TYPE STRING,
ABWRGL TYPE STRING,
FBSEXIT TYPE STRING,
MNGRGL TYPE STRING,
GRUPPE TYPE STRING,
STAFF_VON TYPE STRING,
STAFF_BIS TYPE STRING,
STAFF_BED TYPE STRING,
STAFF_ART TYPE STRING,
STAFF_BEZ TYPE STRING,
TARAS TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_TNCH51_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_TNCH51_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-EINRI sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-ABRV sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-POSNO sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-RANKI sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-TALST sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-CLASS1 sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-CLASS2 sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-CLASS3 sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-ERBOE sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-ANFOE sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-BEWTY sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-BWART sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-EINHEIT sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-PERIODE sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-TAGRU sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-ENTGA sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-KLFTYP sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-KLFART sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-ACCCAT sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-ABWRGL sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-FBSEXIT sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-MNGRGL sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-GRUPPE sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-STAFF_VON sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-STAFF_BIS sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-STAFF_BED sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-STAFF_ART sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-STAFF_BEZ sy-vline 
WA_TNCH51_STR-TARAS sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.