ABAP Select data from SAP table TCALA into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP TCALA table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to TCALA. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the TCALA table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_TCALA TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF TCALA,
      WA_TCALA TYPE TCALA,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <TCALA> TYPE TCALA.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_TCALA.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM TCALA
  INTO TABLE IT_TCALA.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM TCALA
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_TCALA2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_TCALA INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_TCALA2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_TCALA ASSIGNING <TCALA>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<TCALA>-MANDT = 1.
<TCALA>-DZEIL = 1.
<TCALA>-SNAME = 1.
<TCALA>-SFELD = 1.
<TCALA>-HLINNR = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_TCALA INTO WA_TCALA.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_TCALA-KLINNR, sy-vline,
  WA_TCALA-PLINNR, sy-vline,
  WA_TCALA-ROWNR, sy-vline,
  WA_TCALA-POSIT, sy-vline,
  WA_TCALA-SCHVF, sy-vline,
  WA_TCALA-NOCHK, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_TCALA you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_TCALA TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_TCALA INTO WA_TCALA.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_TCALA_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
DZEIL TYPE STRING,
SNAME TYPE STRING,
SFELD TYPE STRING,
HLINNR TYPE STRING,
KLINNR TYPE STRING,
PLINNR TYPE STRING,
ROWNR TYPE STRING,
POSIT TYPE STRING,
SCHVF TYPE STRING,
NOCHK TYPE STRING,
FHELL TYPE STRING,
INITL TYPE STRING,
ALTSW TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_TCALA_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_TCALA_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_TCALA_STR-DZEIL sy-vline 
WA_TCALA_STR-SNAME sy-vline 
WA_TCALA_STR-SFELD sy-vline 
WA_TCALA_STR-HLINNR sy-vline 
WA_TCALA_STR-KLINNR sy-vline 
WA_TCALA_STR-PLINNR sy-vline 
WA_TCALA_STR-ROWNR sy-vline 
WA_TCALA_STR-POSIT sy-vline 
WA_TCALA_STR-SCHVF sy-vline 
WA_TCALA_STR-NOCHK sy-vline 
WA_TCALA_STR-FHELL sy-vline 
WA_TCALA_STR-INITL sy-vline 
WA_TCALA_STR-ALTSW sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.