ABAP Select data from SAP table T854 into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP T854 table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to T854. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the T854 table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_T854 TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF T854,
      WA_T854 TYPE T854,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <T854> TYPE T854.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_T854.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM T854
  INTO TABLE IT_T854.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM T854
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_T8542).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_T854 INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_T8542).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_T854 ASSIGNING <T854>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<T854>-MANDT = 1.
<T854>-ITEM = 1.
<T854>-SPLIN = 1.
<T854>-FIXIN = 1.
<T854>-CONIN = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_T854 INTO WA_T854.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_T854-AMOIN, sy-vline,
  WA_T854-ITSUM, sy-vline,
  WA_T854-SIGN, sy-vline,
  WA_T854-ITTYP, sy-vline,
  WA_T854-CHAIN, sy-vline,
  WA_T854-TTYIN, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_T854 you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_T854 TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_T854 INTO WA_T854.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field ITEM
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_T854-ITEM
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_T854-ITEM.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field ITCON
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_T854-ITCON
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_T854-ITCON.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field NEWIT
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_T854-NEWIT
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_T854-NEWIT.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field ALTIT
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_T854-ALTIT
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_T854-ALTIT.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_T854_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
ITEM TYPE STRING,
SPLIN TYPE STRING,
FIXIN TYPE STRING,
CONIN TYPE STRING,
AMOIN TYPE STRING,
ITSUM TYPE STRING,
SIGN TYPE STRING,
ITTYP TYPE STRING,
CHAIN TYPE STRING,
TTYIN TYPE STRING,
YOAIN TYPE STRING,
ASCIN TYPE STRING,
CURIN TYPE STRING,
ADFIN TYPE STRING,
SETS TYPE STRING,
ITCON TYPE STRING,
NEWIT TYPE STRING,
ALTIT TYPE STRING,
KZEIS TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_T854_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_T854_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_T854_STR-ITEM sy-vline 
WA_T854_STR-SPLIN sy-vline 
WA_T854_STR-FIXIN sy-vline 
WA_T854_STR-CONIN sy-vline 
WA_T854_STR-AMOIN sy-vline 
WA_T854_STR-ITSUM sy-vline 
WA_T854_STR-SIGN sy-vline 
WA_T854_STR-ITTYP sy-vline 
WA_T854_STR-CHAIN sy-vline 
WA_T854_STR-TTYIN sy-vline 
WA_T854_STR-YOAIN sy-vline 
WA_T854_STR-ASCIN sy-vline 
WA_T854_STR-CURIN sy-vline 
WA_T854_STR-ADFIN sy-vline 
WA_T854_STR-SETS sy-vline 
WA_T854_STR-ITCON sy-vline 
WA_T854_STR-NEWIT sy-vline 
WA_T854_STR-ALTIT sy-vline 
WA_T854_STR-KZEIS sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.