ABAP Select data from SAP table T242D into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP T242D table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to T242D. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the T242D table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_T242D TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF T242D,
      WA_T242D TYPE T242D,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <T242D> TYPE T242D.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_T242D.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM T242D
  INTO TABLE IT_T242D.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM T242D
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_T242D2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_T242D INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_T242D2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_T242D ASSIGNING <T242D>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<T242D>-MANDT = 1.
<T242D>-REPID = 1.
<T242D>-RFELD = 1.
<T242D>-KEYID = 1.
<T242D>-SFELD = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_T242D INTO WA_T242D.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_T242D-SEQNO, sy-vline,
  WA_T242D-RULID, sy-vline,
  WA_T242D-SIGN, sy-vline,
  WA_T242D-OPTIO, sy-vline,
  WA_T242D-LOW, sy-vline,
  WA_T242D-HIGH, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_T242D you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_T242D TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_T242D INTO WA_T242D.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit CUNIT, internal->external for field UNIT
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_CUNIT_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_T242D-UNIT
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_T242D-UNIT.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit CUNIT, internal->external for field CUNIT
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_CUNIT_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_T242D-CUNIT
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_T242D-CUNIT.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_T242D_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
REPID TYPE STRING,
RFELD TYPE STRING,
KEYID TYPE STRING,
SFELD TYPE STRING,
SEQNO TYPE STRING,
RULID TYPE STRING,
SIGN TYPE STRING,
OPTIO TYPE STRING,
LOW TYPE STRING,
HIGH TYPE STRING,
FORML TYPE STRING,
UNIT TYPE STRING,
CUNIT TYPE STRING,
CUKY TYPE STRING,
OFFST TYPE STRING,
DIGIT TYPE STRING,
COVID TYPE STRING,
VUPDA TYPE STRING,
VMODE TYPE STRING,
MAPK TYPE STRING,
SELFLD TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_T242D_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_T242D_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_T242D_STR-REPID sy-vline 
WA_T242D_STR-RFELD sy-vline 
WA_T242D_STR-KEYID sy-vline 
WA_T242D_STR-SFELD sy-vline 
WA_T242D_STR-SEQNO sy-vline 
WA_T242D_STR-RULID sy-vline 
WA_T242D_STR-SIGN sy-vline 
WA_T242D_STR-OPTIO sy-vline 
WA_T242D_STR-LOW sy-vline 
WA_T242D_STR-HIGH sy-vline 
WA_T242D_STR-FORML sy-vline 
WA_T242D_STR-UNIT sy-vline 
WA_T242D_STR-CUNIT sy-vline 
WA_T242D_STR-CUKY sy-vline 
WA_T242D_STR-OFFST sy-vline 
WA_T242D_STR-DIGIT sy-vline 
WA_T242D_STR-COVID sy-vline 
WA_T242D_STR-VUPDA sy-vline 
WA_T242D_STR-VMODE sy-vline 
WA_T242D_STR-MAPK sy-vline 
WA_T242D_STR-SELFLD sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.