ABAP Select data from SAP table T159A into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP T159A table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to T159A. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the T159A table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_T159A TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF T159A,
      WA_T159A TYPE T159A,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <T159A> TYPE T159A.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_T159A.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM T159A
  INTO TABLE IT_T159A.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM T159A
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_T159A2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_T159A INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_T159A2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_T159A ASSIGNING <T159A>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<T159A>-MANDT = 1.
<T159A>-REPID = 1.
<T159A>-CNT02 = 1.
<T159A>-MAPPE = 1.
<T159A>-TCODE = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_T159A INTO WA_T159A.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_T159A-BLDAT, sy-vline,
  WA_T159A-BUDAT, sy-vline,
  WA_T159A-BWART, sy-vline,
  WA_T159A-MATNR, sy-vline,
  WA_T159A-WERKS, sy-vline,
  WA_T159A-LGORT, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_T159A you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_T159A TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_T159A INTO WA_T159A.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit MATN1, internal->external for field MATNR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_MATN1_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_T159A-MATNR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_T159A-MATNR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field LIFNR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_T159A-LIFNR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_T159A-LIFNR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit CUNIT, internal->external for field ERFME
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_CUNIT_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_T159A-ERFME
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_T159A-ERFME.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit CUNIT, internal->external for field BPRME
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_CUNIT_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_T159A-BPRME
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_T159A-BPRME.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field EBELN
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_T159A-EBELN
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_T159A-EBELN.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field KOSTL
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_T159A-KOSTL
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_T159A-KOSTL.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field KONTO
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_T159A-KONTO
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_T159A-KONTO.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field VLIEF
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_T159A-VLIEF
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_T159A-VLIEF.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_T159A_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
REPID TYPE STRING,
CNT02 TYPE STRING,
MAPPE TYPE STRING,
TCODE TYPE STRING,
BLDAT TYPE STRING,
BUDAT TYPE STRING,
BWART TYPE STRING,
MATNR TYPE STRING,
WERKS TYPE STRING,
LGORT TYPE STRING,
CHARG TYPE STRING,
LIFNR TYPE STRING,
ERFMG TYPE STRING,
ERFME TYPE STRING,
BPMNG TYPE STRING,
BPRME TYPE STRING,
EBELN TYPE STRING,
EBELP TYPE STRING,
KOSTL TYPE STRING,
RSNUM TYPE STRING,
RSPOS TYPE STRING,
KONTO TYPE STRING,
RSART TYPE STRING,
VLIEF TYPE STRING,
VBELP TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_T159A_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_T159A_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-REPID sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-CNT02 sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-MAPPE sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-TCODE sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-BLDAT sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-BUDAT sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-BWART sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-MATNR sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-WERKS sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-LGORT sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-CHARG sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-LIFNR sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-ERFMG sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-ERFME sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-BPMNG sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-BPRME sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-EBELN sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-EBELP sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-KOSTL sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-RSNUM sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-RSPOS sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-KONTO sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-RSART sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-VLIEF sy-vline 
WA_T159A_STR-VBELP sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.