ABAP Select data from SAP table T156S into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP T156S table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to T156S. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the T156S table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_T156S TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF T156S,
      WA_T156S TYPE T156S,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <T156S> TYPE T156S.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_T156S.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM T156S
  INTO TABLE IT_T156S.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM T156S
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_T156S2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_T156S INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_T156S2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_T156S ASSIGNING <T156S>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<T156S>-MANDT = 1.
<T156S>-BWART = 1.
<T156S>-WERTU = 1.
<T156S>-MENGU = 1.
<T156S>-SOBKZ = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_T156S INTO WA_T156S.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_T156S-KZBEW, sy-vline,
  WA_T156S-KZZUG, sy-vline,
  WA_T156S-KZVBR, sy-vline,
  WA_T156S-BUSTW, sy-vline,
  WA_T156S-BUSTM, sy-vline,
  WA_T156S-XLORT, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_T156S you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_T156S TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_T156S INTO WA_T156S.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_T156S_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
BWART TYPE STRING,
WERTU TYPE STRING,
MENGU TYPE STRING,
SOBKZ TYPE STRING,
KZBEW TYPE STRING,
KZZUG TYPE STRING,
KZVBR TYPE STRING,
BUSTW TYPE STRING,
BUSTM TYPE STRING,
XLORT TYPE STRING,
RBLVS TYPE STRING,
ANZRE TYPE STRING,
UMRBL TYPE STRING,
UMRBU TYPE STRING,
XOWST TYPE STRING,
XLIFO TYPE STRING,
XVERF TYPE STRING,
QSSHK TYPE STRING,
KZVBP TYPE STRING,
PRREG TYPE STRING,
VRGNG TYPE STRING,
BWAGR TYPE STRING,
MLBWG TYPE STRING,
SNBWG TYPE STRING,
OICONIND TYPE STRING,
OIPOSTST TYPE STRING,
OIPOSTQT TYPE STRING,
OITRANSF TYPE STRING,
OIASTBW TYPE STRING,
OIXPTRIP TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_T156S_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_T156S_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-BWART sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-WERTU sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-MENGU sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-SOBKZ sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-KZBEW sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-KZZUG sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-KZVBR sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-BUSTW sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-BUSTM sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-XLORT sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-RBLVS sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-ANZRE sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-UMRBL sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-UMRBU sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-XOWST sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-XLIFO sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-XVERF sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-QSSHK sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-KZVBP sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-PRREG sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-VRGNG sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-BWAGR sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-MLBWG sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-SNBWG sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-OICONIND sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-OIPOSTST sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-OIPOSTQT sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-OITRANSF sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-OIASTBW sy-vline 
WA_T156S_STR-OIXPTRIP sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.