ABAP Select data from SAP table SDOCUMENT into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP SDOCUMENT table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to SDOCUMENT. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the SDOCUMENT table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_SDOCUMENT TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF SDOCUMENT,
      WA_SDOCUMENT TYPE SDOCUMENT,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <SDOCUMENT> TYPE SDOCUMENT.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_SDOCUMENT.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM SDOCUMENT
  INTO TABLE IT_SDOCUMENT.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM SDOCUMENT
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_SDOCUMENT2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_SDOCUMENT INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_SDOCUMENT2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_SDOCUMENT ASSIGNING <SDOCUMENT>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<SDOCUMENT>-DOCTYPE = 1.
<SDOCUMENT>-DOCNUMBER = 1.
<SDOCUMENT>-DOCPART = 1.
<SDOCUMENT>-DOCVERSION = 1.
<SDOCUMENT>-DOCPATH = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_SDOCUMENT INTO WA_SDOCUMENT.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_SDOCUMENT-DOCFILE, sy-vline,
  WA_SDOCUMENT-DESCRIPTION, sy-vline,
  WA_SDOCUMENT-GUID_IDENT, sy-vline,
  WA_SDOCUMENT-GUID_PRED, sy-vline,
  WA_SDOCUMENT-FLG_STKO, sy-vline,
  WA_SDOCUMENT-EXPANDED, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_SDOCUMENT you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_SDOCUMENT TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_SDOCUMENT INTO WA_SDOCUMENT.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field DOCNUMBER
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_SDOCUMENT-DOCNUMBER
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_SDOCUMENT-DOCNUMBER.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit TSTLC, internal->external for field CAD_DATE
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_TSTLC_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_SDOCUMENT-CAD_DATE
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_SDOCUMENT-CAD_DATE.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_SDOCUMENT_STR, 
DOCTYPE TYPE STRING,
DOCNUMBER TYPE STRING,
DOCPART TYPE STRING,
DOCVERSION TYPE STRING,
DOCPATH TYPE STRING,
DOCFILE TYPE STRING,
DESCRIPTION TYPE STRING,
GUID_IDENT TYPE STRING,
GUID_PRED TYPE STRING,
FLG_STKO TYPE STRING,
EXPANDED TYPE STRING,
NODEKEY TYPE STRING,
CAD_MODIFIED TYPE STRING,
CAD_DATE TYPE STRING,
SORTSTRING TYPE STRING,
RECALLOWED TYPE STRING,
OBJECT_TYPE TYPE STRING,
QUANTITY TYPE STRING,
IS_SELECTED TYPE STRING,
ISFOLDER TYPE STRING,
ISEXPANDED TYPE STRING,
LEVEL TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_SDOCUMENT_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_SDOCUMENT_STR-DOCTYPE sy-vline 
WA_SDOCUMENT_STR-DOCNUMBER sy-vline 
WA_SDOCUMENT_STR-DOCPART sy-vline 
WA_SDOCUMENT_STR-DOCVERSION sy-vline 
WA_SDOCUMENT_STR-DOCPATH sy-vline 
WA_SDOCUMENT_STR-DOCFILE sy-vline 
WA_SDOCUMENT_STR-DESCRIPTION sy-vline 
WA_SDOCUMENT_STR-GUID_IDENT sy-vline 
WA_SDOCUMENT_STR-GUID_PRED sy-vline 
WA_SDOCUMENT_STR-FLG_STKO sy-vline 
WA_SDOCUMENT_STR-EXPANDED sy-vline 
WA_SDOCUMENT_STR-NODEKEY sy-vline 
WA_SDOCUMENT_STR-CAD_MODIFIED sy-vline 
WA_SDOCUMENT_STR-CAD_DATE sy-vline 
WA_SDOCUMENT_STR-SORTSTRING sy-vline 
WA_SDOCUMENT_STR-RECALLOWED sy-vline 
WA_SDOCUMENT_STR-OBJECT_TYPE sy-vline 
WA_SDOCUMENT_STR-QUANTITY sy-vline 
WA_SDOCUMENT_STR-IS_SELECTED sy-vline 
WA_SDOCUMENT_STR-ISFOLDER sy-vline 
WA_SDOCUMENT_STR-ISEXPANDED sy-vline 
WA_SDOCUMENT_STR-LEVEL sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.