ABAP Select data from SAP table REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW into internal table

Get Example source ABAP code based on a different SAP table
  

Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW,
      WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW TYPE REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW> TYPE REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW
  INTO TABLE IT_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW ASSIGNING <REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW>.
*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW>-CC_OBJNR = 1.
<REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW>-IMKEY = 1.
<REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW>-IDENT = 1.
<REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW>-BUKRS = 1.
<REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW>-SWENR = 1.
ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW INTO WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-SEMPSL, sy-vline,
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-IDENTPARENTSU, sy-vline,
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-XSU, sy-vline,
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-VALIDFROM, sy-vline,
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-VALIDTO, sy-vline,
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-HASCOSTOBJECT, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP. *Add any further fields from structure WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW you want to display... WRITE:/ sy-uline. * Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report DO. ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW TO <field>. IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF. WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline. gd_str = <field> . lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ). lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ). WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname. ENDDO. *Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value LOOP AT IT_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW INTO WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW. *Write horizonal line to screen report. WRITE:/ sy-uline. *Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO. ENDLOOP. *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form convert_all_field_values *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO. DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit IMKEY, internal->external for field IMKEY CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_IMKEY_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-IMKEY IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-IMKEY.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit SWENR, internal->external for field SWENR CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_SWENR_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-SWENR IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-SWENR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field SEMPSL CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-SEMPSL IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-SEMPSL.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit REDAT, internal->external for field VALIDTO CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_REDAT_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-VALIDTO IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-VALIDTO.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field SNKSL CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-SNKSL IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-SNKSL.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field SCKEYGRP CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-SCKEYGRP IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-SCKEYGRP.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field BELNR CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-BELNR IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-BELNR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit CUNIT, internal->external for field MEINB CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_CUNIT_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-MEINB IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-MEINB.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field KSTAR CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-KSTAR IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-KSTAR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit BEKNZ, internal->external for field BEKNZ CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_BEKNZ_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-BEKNZ IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-BEKNZ.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field GKONT CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-GKONT IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-GKONT.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit OBART, internal->external for field POBART CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_OBART_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-POBART IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-POBART.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field REFBN CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-REFBN IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-REFBN.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit GJAHR, internal->external for field REFGJ CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_GJAHR_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-REFGJ IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-REFGJ.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field LOGSYSTEM CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-LOGSYSTEM IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-LOGSYSTEM.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field FI_BELNR CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-FI_BELNR IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-FI_BELNR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field AUGBL CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-AUGBL IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-AUGBL.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field EBELN CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-EBELN IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW-EBELN.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form process_as_string_field_values *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO. TYPES: BEGIN OF T_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR,
CC_OBJNR TYPE STRING,
IMKEY TYPE STRING,
IDENT TYPE STRING,
BUKRS TYPE STRING,
SWENR TYPE STRING,
SEMPSL TYPE STRING,
IDENTPARENTSU TYPE STRING,
XSU TYPE STRING,
VALIDFROM TYPE STRING,
VALIDTO TYPE STRING,
HASCOSTOBJECT TYPE STRING,
EXCHANGETYPE TYPE STRING,
SKABRF TYPE STRING,
XKBEZ TYPE STRING,
XMBEZ TYPE STRING,
KSTGRP TYPE STRING,
XKSTGRP TYPE STRING,
ABRKDNR TYPE STRING,
EXTERNAL_OBJID TYPE STRING,
SKSTSCHL TYPE STRING,
XSKSTSCHL TYPE STRING,
KBRART TYPE STRING,
XSBRART TYPE STRING,
SNKSL TYPE STRING,
XSSCKEY TYPE STRING,
COST_INDICATOR TYPE STRING,
IS_APPORTIONABLE TYPE STRING,
ONLY_COMMERCIAL TYPE STRING,
USE_HEATDAYS TYPE STRING,
DIRECTCOSTID TYPE STRING,
CREDITGLACCSYMB TYPE STRING,
SCKEYPROCIND TYPE STRING,
SCKEYGRP TYPE STRING,
XSCKEYGRP TYPE STRING,
OBJNR TYPE STRING,
KOKRS TYPE STRING,
BELNR TYPE STRING,
BUZEI TYPE STRING,
WTGBTR TYPE STRING,
WOGBTR TYPE STRING,
WKGBTR TYPE STRING,
TWAER TYPE STRING,
OWAER TYPE STRING,
MBGBTR TYPE STRING,
MEINB TYPE STRING,
KSTAR TYPE STRING,
BEKNZ TYPE STRING,
GKONT TYPE STRING,
GKOAR TYPE STRING,
DABRZ TYPE STRING,
BLDAT TYPE STRING,
BUDAT TYPE STRING,
STFLG TYPE STRING,
STOKZ TYPE STRING,
PAROB1 TYPE STRING,
POBART TYPE STRING,
POBID TYPE STRING,
REFBK TYPE STRING,
REFBT TYPE STRING,
REFBN TYPE STRING,
REFGJ TYPE STRING,
REFBZ_FI TYPE STRING,
BLART TYPE STRING,
BLTXT TYPE STRING,
SGTXT TYPE STRING,
USNAM TYPE STRING,
AWORG TYPE STRING,
AWTYP TYPE STRING,
AWKEY TYPE STRING,
REFBZ TYPE STRING,
LOGSYSTEM TYPE STRING,
VRGNG TYPE STRING,
ORGVG TYPE STRING,
VARNR TYPE STRING,
RO_IDENT TYPE STRING,
CN_IDENT TYPE STRING,
CEL_KTXT TYPE STRING,
GKONT_KTXT TYPE STRING,
KWAER TYPE STRING,
EXTERN TYPE STRING,
FI_BELNR TYPE STRING,
FI_BUZEI TYPE STRING,
BSCHL TYPE STRING,
UMSKZ TYPE STRING,
MWSKZ TYPE STRING,
SHKZG TYPE STRING,
BRUTTO TYPE STRING,
WBRUTTO TYPE STRING,
MWSTS TYPE STRING,
WMWST TYPE STRING,
HWAERS TYPE STRING,
WAERS TYPE STRING,
AUGBL TYPE STRING,
TXJCD TYPE STRING,
TAXAMTINDETERMINABLE TYPE STRING,
EBELN TYPE STRING,
EBELP TYPE STRING,
RECISVALIDFROM TYPE STRING,
RECISVALIDTO TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR. DATA: WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR type T_EKKO_STR. DATA: ld_text TYPE string. LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO. MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR. CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-CC_OBJNR sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-IMKEY sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-IDENT sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-BUKRS sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-SWENR sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-SEMPSL sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-IDENTPARENTSU sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-XSU sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-VALIDFROM sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-VALIDTO sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-HASCOSTOBJECT sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-EXCHANGETYPE sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-SKABRF sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-XKBEZ sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-XMBEZ sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-KSTGRP sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-XKSTGRP sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-ABRKDNR sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-EXTERNAL_OBJID sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-SKSTSCHL sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-XSKSTSCHL sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-KBRART sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-XSBRART sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-SNKSL sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-XSSCKEY sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-COST_INDICATOR sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-IS_APPORTIONABLE sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-ONLY_COMMERCIAL sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-USE_HEATDAYS sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-DIRECTCOSTID sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-CREDITGLACCSYMB sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-SCKEYPROCIND sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-SCKEYGRP sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-XSCKEYGRP sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-OBJNR sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-KOKRS sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-BELNR sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-BUZEI sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-WTGBTR sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-WOGBTR sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-WKGBTR sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-TWAER sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-OWAER sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-MBGBTR sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-MEINB sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-KSTAR sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-BEKNZ sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-GKONT sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-GKOAR sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-DABRZ sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-BLDAT sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-BUDAT sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-STFLG sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-STOKZ sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-PAROB1 sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-POBART sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-POBID sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-REFBK sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-REFBT sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-REFBN sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-REFGJ sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-REFBZ_FI sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-BLART sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-BLTXT sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-SGTXT sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-USNAM sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-AWORG sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-AWTYP sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-AWKEY sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-REFBZ sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-LOGSYSTEM sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-VRGNG sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-ORGVG sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-VARNR sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-RO_IDENT sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-CN_IDENT sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-CEL_KTXT sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-GKONT_KTXT sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-KWAER sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-EXTERN sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-FI_BELNR sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-FI_BUZEI sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-BSCHL sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-UMSKZ sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-MWSKZ sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-SHKZG sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-BRUTTO sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-WBRUTTO sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-MWSTS sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-WMWST sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-HWAERS sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-WAERS sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-AUGBL sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-TXJCD sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-TAXAMTINDETERMINABLE sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-EBELN sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-EBELP sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-RECISVALIDFROM sy-vline
WA_REEX_POSTING_CC_NEW_STR-RECISVALIDTO sy-vline INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE. *Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE... ENDLOOP. ENDFORM.