ABAP Select data from SAP table QAST into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP QAST table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to QAST. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the QAST table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_QAST TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF QAST,
      WA_QAST TYPE QAST,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <QAST> TYPE QAST.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_QAST.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM QAST
  INTO TABLE IT_QAST.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM QAST
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_QAST2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_QAST INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_QAST2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_QAST ASSIGNING <QAST>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<QAST>-MANDT = 1.
<QAST>-QRKNR = 1.
<QAST>-SPUR = 1.
<QAST>-OEG = 1.
<QAST>-UEG = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_QAST INTO WA_QAST.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_QAST-OWG, sy-vline,
  WA_QAST-UWG, sy-vline,
  WA_QAST-MIL, sy-vline,
  WA_QAST-NIOEG, sy-vline,
  WA_QAST-NIUEG, sy-vline,
  WA_QAST-NIOWG, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_QAST you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_QAST TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_QAST INTO WA_QAST.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field QRKNR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_QAST-QRKNR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_QAST-QRKNR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_QAST_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
QRKNR TYPE STRING,
SPUR TYPE STRING,
OEG TYPE STRING,
UEG TYPE STRING,
OWG TYPE STRING,
UWG TYPE STRING,
MIL TYPE STRING,
NIOEG TYPE STRING,
NIUEG TYPE STRING,
NIOWG TYPE STRING,
NIUWG TYPE STRING,
NIMIL TYPE STRING,
MANOEG TYPE STRING,
MANOWG TYPE STRING,
MANMIL TYPE STRING,
MANUWG TYPE STRING,
MANUEG TYPE STRING,
ENAME TYPE STRING,
EDATUM TYPE STRING,
EZEIT TYPE STRING,
ANAME TYPE STRING,
ADATUM TYPE STRING,
AZEIT TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_QAST_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_QAST_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_QAST_STR-QRKNR sy-vline 
WA_QAST_STR-SPUR sy-vline 
WA_QAST_STR-OEG sy-vline 
WA_QAST_STR-UEG sy-vline 
WA_QAST_STR-OWG sy-vline 
WA_QAST_STR-UWG sy-vline 
WA_QAST_STR-MIL sy-vline 
WA_QAST_STR-NIOEG sy-vline 
WA_QAST_STR-NIUEG sy-vline 
WA_QAST_STR-NIOWG sy-vline 
WA_QAST_STR-NIUWG sy-vline 
WA_QAST_STR-NIMIL sy-vline 
WA_QAST_STR-MANOEG sy-vline 
WA_QAST_STR-MANOWG sy-vline 
WA_QAST_STR-MANMIL sy-vline 
WA_QAST_STR-MANUWG sy-vline 
WA_QAST_STR-MANUEG sy-vline 
WA_QAST_STR-ENAME sy-vline 
WA_QAST_STR-EDATUM sy-vline 
WA_QAST_STR-EZEIT sy-vline 
WA_QAST_STR-ANAME sy-vline 
WA_QAST_STR-ADATUM sy-vline 
WA_QAST_STR-AZEIT sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.