ABAP Select data from SAP table Q0421 into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP Q0421 table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to Q0421. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the Q0421 table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_Q0421 TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF Q0421,
      WA_Q0421 TYPE Q0421,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <Q0421> TYPE Q0421.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_Q0421.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM Q0421
  INTO TABLE IT_Q0421.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM Q0421
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_Q04212).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_Q0421 INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_Q04212).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_Q0421 ASSIGNING <Q0421>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<Q0421>-RETPA = 1.
<Q0421>-RETPD = 1.
<Q0421>-DATA1 = 1.
<Q0421>-DATA2 = 1.
<Q0421>-RETRB = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_Q0421 INTO WA_Q0421.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_Q0421-NSETT, sy-vline,
  WA_Q0421-NUMGG, sy-vline,
  WA_Q0421-GGUT, sy-vline,
  WA_Q0421-GGNR, sy-vline,
  WA_Q0421-RPEN, sy-vline,
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_Q0421 you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_Q0421 TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_Q0421 INTO WA_Q0421.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_Q0421_STR, 
RETPA TYPE STRING,
RETPD TYPE STRING,
DATA1 TYPE STRING,
DATA2 TYPE STRING,
RETRB TYPE STRING,
NSETT TYPE STRING,
NUMGG TYPE STRING,
GGUT TYPE STRING,
GGNR TYPE STRING,
RPEN TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_Q0421_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_Q0421_STR-RETPA sy-vline 
WA_Q0421_STR-RETPD sy-vline 
WA_Q0421_STR-DATA1 sy-vline 
WA_Q0421_STR-DATA2 sy-vline 
WA_Q0421_STR-RETRB sy-vline 
WA_Q0421_STR-NSETT sy-vline 
WA_Q0421_STR-NUMGG sy-vline 
WA_Q0421_STR-GGUT sy-vline 
WA_Q0421_STR-GGNR sy-vline 
WA_Q0421_STR-RPEN sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.