ABAP Select data from SAP table POSHD into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP POSHD table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to POSHD. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the POSHD table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_POSHD TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF POSHD,
      WA_POSHD TYPE POSHD,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <POSHD> TYPE POSHD.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_POSHD.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM POSHD
  INTO TABLE IT_POSHD.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM POSHD
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_POSHD2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_POSHD INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_POSHD2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_POSHD ASSIGNING <POSHD>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<POSHD>-PLNUM = 1.
<POSHD>-KRUESOLL = 1.
<POSHD>-KRUEREST = 1.
<POSHD>-KBEASOLL = 1.
<POSHD>-KBEAREST = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_POSHD INTO WA_POSHD.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_POSHD-KABRSOLL, sy-vline,
  WA_POSHD-KABRREST, sy-vline,
  WA_POSHD-KEINH, sy-vline,
  WA_POSHD-FSTAD, sy-vline,
  WA_POSHD-FSTAU, sy-vline,
  WA_POSHD-FSSBD, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_POSHD you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_POSHD TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_POSHD INTO WA_POSHD.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field PLNUM
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_POSHD-PLNUM
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_POSHD-PLNUM.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit CUNIT, internal->external for field KEINH
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_CUNIT_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_POSHD-KEINH
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_POSHD-KEINH.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_POSHD_STR, 
PLNUM TYPE STRING,
KRUESOLL TYPE STRING,
KRUEREST TYPE STRING,
KBEASOLL TYPE STRING,
KBEAREST TYPE STRING,
KABRSOLL TYPE STRING,
KABRREST TYPE STRING,
KEINH TYPE STRING,
FSTAD TYPE STRING,
FSTAU TYPE STRING,
FSSBD TYPE STRING,
FSSBZ TYPE STRING,
FSSAD TYPE STRING,
FSSAZ TYPE STRING,
FENDD TYPE STRING,
FENDU TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_POSHD_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_POSHD_STR-PLNUM sy-vline 
WA_POSHD_STR-KRUESOLL sy-vline 
WA_POSHD_STR-KRUEREST sy-vline 
WA_POSHD_STR-KBEASOLL sy-vline 
WA_POSHD_STR-KBEAREST sy-vline 
WA_POSHD_STR-KABRSOLL sy-vline 
WA_POSHD_STR-KABRREST sy-vline 
WA_POSHD_STR-KEINH sy-vline 
WA_POSHD_STR-FSTAD sy-vline 
WA_POSHD_STR-FSTAU sy-vline 
WA_POSHD_STR-FSSBD sy-vline 
WA_POSHD_STR-FSSBZ sy-vline 
WA_POSHD_STR-FSSAD sy-vline 
WA_POSHD_STR-FSSAZ sy-vline 
WA_POSHD_STR-FENDD sy-vline 
WA_POSHD_STR-FENDU sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.