ABAP Select data from SAP table PCOMS into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP PCOMS table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to PCOMS. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the PCOMS table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_PCOMS TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF PCOMS,
      WA_PCOMS TYPE PCOMS,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <PCOMS> TYPE PCOMS.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_PCOMS.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM PCOMS
  INTO TABLE IT_PCOMS.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM PCOMS
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_PCOMS2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_PCOMS INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_PCOMS2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_PCOMS ASSIGNING <PCOMS>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<PCOMS>-STAT1 = 1.
<PCOMS>-STAT2 = 1.
<PCOMS>-STAT3 = 1.
<PCOMS>-AKTIVJN = 1.
<PCOMS>-BUKRS = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_PCOMS INTO WA_PCOMS.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_PCOMS-WERKS, sy-vline,
  WA_PCOMS-BTRTL, sy-vline,
  WA_PCOMS-KOSTL, sy-vline,
  WA_PCOMS-PERSG, sy-vline,
  WA_PCOMS-PERSK, sy-vline,
  WA_PCOMS-ABART, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_PCOMS you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_PCOMS TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_PCOMS INTO WA_PCOMS.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field KOSTL
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_PCOMS-KOSTL
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_PCOMS-KOSTL.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_PCOMS_STR, 
STAT1 TYPE STRING,
STAT2 TYPE STRING,
STAT3 TYPE STRING,
AKTIVJN TYPE STRING,
BUKRS TYPE STRING,
WERKS TYPE STRING,
BTRTL TYPE STRING,
KOSTL TYPE STRING,
PERSG TYPE STRING,
PERSK TYPE STRING,
ABART TYPE STRING,
PLANS TYPE STRING,
GSBER TYPE STRING,
VDSK1 TYPE STRING,
ANSVH TYPE STRING,
ORGEH TYPE STRING,
STELL TYPE STRING,
TYPPE TYPE STRING,
PENTY TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_PCOMS_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_PCOMS_STR-STAT1 sy-vline 
WA_PCOMS_STR-STAT2 sy-vline 
WA_PCOMS_STR-STAT3 sy-vline 
WA_PCOMS_STR-AKTIVJN sy-vline 
WA_PCOMS_STR-BUKRS sy-vline 
WA_PCOMS_STR-WERKS sy-vline 
WA_PCOMS_STR-BTRTL sy-vline 
WA_PCOMS_STR-KOSTL sy-vline 
WA_PCOMS_STR-PERSG sy-vline 
WA_PCOMS_STR-PERSK sy-vline 
WA_PCOMS_STR-ABART sy-vline 
WA_PCOMS_STR-PLANS sy-vline 
WA_PCOMS_STR-GSBER sy-vline 
WA_PCOMS_STR-VDSK1 sy-vline 
WA_PCOMS_STR-ANSVH sy-vline 
WA_PCOMS_STR-ORGEH sy-vline 
WA_PCOMS_STR-STELL sy-vline 
WA_PCOMS_STR-TYPPE sy-vline 
WA_PCOMS_STR-PENTY sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.