ABAP Select data from SAP table PC21Y into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP PC21Y table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to PC21Y. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the PC21Y table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_PC21Y TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF PC21Y,
      WA_PC21Y TYPE PC21Y,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <PC21Y> TYPE PC21Y.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_PC21Y.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM PC21Y
  INTO TABLE IT_PC21Y.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM PC21Y
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_PC21Y2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_PC21Y INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_PC21Y2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_PC21Y ASSIGNING <PC21Y>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<PC21Y>-RVNUM = 1.
<PC21Y>-SAKEN = 1.
<PC21Y>-VTRAE = 1.
<PC21Y>-BNRAS = 1.
<PC21Y>-ABEGJ = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_PC21Y INTO WA_PC21Y.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_PC21Y-ABEGD, sy-vline,
  WA_PC21Y-AENDD, sy-vline,
  WA_PC21Y-AMN01, sy-vline,
  WA_PC21Y-AMN02, sy-vline,
  WA_PC21Y-AMN03, sy-vline,
  WA_PC21Y-AMN04, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_PC21Y you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_PC21Y TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_PC21Y INTO WA_PC21Y.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_PC21Y_STR, 
RVNUM TYPE STRING,
SAKEN TYPE STRING,
VTRAE TYPE STRING,
BNRAS TYPE STRING,
ABEGJ TYPE STRING,
ABEGD TYPE STRING,
AENDD TYPE STRING,
AMN01 TYPE STRING,
AMN02 TYPE STRING,
AMN03 TYPE STRING,
AMN04 TYPE STRING,
AMN05 TYPE STRING,
AMN06 TYPE STRING,
AMN07 TYPE STRING,
AMN08 TYPE STRING,
AMN09 TYPE STRING,
AMN10 TYPE STRING,
AMN11 TYPE STRING,
AMN12 TYPE STRING,
BEGJD TYPE STRING,
BEGDD TYPE STRING,
ENDDD TYPE STRING,
MON01 TYPE STRING,
MON02 TYPE STRING,
MON03 TYPE STRING,
MON04 TYPE STRING,
MON05 TYPE STRING,
MON06 TYPE STRING,
MON07 TYPE STRING,
MON08 TYPE STRING,
MON09 TYPE STRING,
MON10 TYPE STRING,
MON11 TYPE STRING,
MON12 TYPE STRING,
PERNR TYPE STRING,
IDENT TYPE STRING,
NACHN TYPE STRING,
VORNA TYPE STRING,
LEER1 TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_PC21Y_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_PC21Y_STR-RVNUM sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-SAKEN sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-VTRAE sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-BNRAS sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-ABEGJ sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-ABEGD sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-AENDD sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-AMN01 sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-AMN02 sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-AMN03 sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-AMN04 sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-AMN05 sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-AMN06 sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-AMN07 sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-AMN08 sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-AMN09 sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-AMN10 sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-AMN11 sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-AMN12 sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-BEGJD sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-BEGDD sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-ENDDD sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-MON01 sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-MON02 sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-MON03 sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-MON04 sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-MON05 sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-MON06 sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-MON07 sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-MON08 sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-MON09 sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-MON10 sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-MON11 sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-MON12 sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-PERNR sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-IDENT sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-NACHN sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-VORNA sy-vline 
WA_PC21Y_STR-LEER1 sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.