ABAP Select data from SAP table PC21M into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP PC21M table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to PC21M. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the PC21M table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_PC21M TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF PC21M,
      WA_PC21M TYPE PC21M,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <PC21M> TYPE PC21M.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_PC21M.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM PC21M
  INTO TABLE IT_PC21M.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM PC21M
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_PC21M2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_PC21M INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_PC21M2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_PC21M ASSIGNING <PC21M>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<PC21M>-RVNUM = 1.
<PC21M>-SAKEN = 1.
<PC21M>-VTRAE = 1.
<PC21M>-BEGJD = 1.
<PC21M>-BEGDD = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_PC21M INTO WA_PC21M.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_PC21M-STAAT, sy-vline,
  WA_PC21M-LEER1, sy-vline,
  WA_PC21M-SVSCH, sy-vline,
  WA_PC21M-ABGRD, sy-vline,
  WA_PC21M-BNRAS, sy-vline,
  WA_PC21M-TTKKN, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_PC21M you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_PC21M TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_PC21M INTO WA_PC21M.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_PC21M_STR, 
RVNUM TYPE STRING,
SAKEN TYPE STRING,
VTRAE TYPE STRING,
BEGJD TYPE STRING,
BEGDD TYPE STRING,
STAAT TYPE STRING,
LEER1 TYPE STRING,
SVSCH TYPE STRING,
ABGRD TYPE STRING,
BNRAS TYPE STRING,
TTKKN TYPE STRING,
STRFS TYPE STRING,
KONMD TYPE STRING,
LEER2 TYPE STRING,
RANST TYPE STRING,
MFBTG TYPE STRING,
FILL1 TYPE STRING,
PERNR TYPE STRING,
IDENT TYPE STRING,
NACHN TYPE STRING,
VORNA TYPE STRING,
BNRKK TYPE STRING,
GESCH TYPE STRING,
AUSBG TYPE STRING,
GBORT TYPE STRING,
LEER3 TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_PC21M_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_PC21M_STR-RVNUM sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-SAKEN sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-VTRAE sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-BEGJD sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-BEGDD sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-STAAT sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-LEER1 sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-SVSCH sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-ABGRD sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-BNRAS sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-TTKKN sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-STRFS sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-KONMD sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-LEER2 sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-RANST sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-MFBTG sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-FILL1 sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-PERNR sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-IDENT sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-NACHN sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-VORNA sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-BNRKK sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-GESCH sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-AUSBG sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-GBORT sy-vline 
WA_PC21M_STR-LEER3 sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.