ABAP Select data from SAP table PC21D into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP PC21D table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to PC21D. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the PC21D table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_PC21D TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF PC21D,
      WA_PC21D TYPE PC21D,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <PC21D> TYPE PC21D.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_PC21D.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM PC21D
  INTO TABLE IT_PC21D.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM PC21D
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_PC21D2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_PC21D INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_PC21D2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_PC21D ASSIGNING <PC21D>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<PC21D>-BEGDA = 1.
<PC21D>-SAKEN = 1.
<PC21D>-ENDDA = 1.
<PC21D>-LFDNR = 1.
<PC21D>-ABGRD = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_PC21D INTO WA_PC21D.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_PC21D-JAHRM, sy-vline,
  WA_PC21D-PABRP, sy-vline,
  WA_PC21D-PABRJ, sy-vline,
  WA_PC21D-DEVOM, sy-vline,
  WA_PC21D-DEMAN, sy-vline,
  WA_PC21D-LFDNM, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_PC21D you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_PC21D TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_PC21D INTO WA_PC21D.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit GJAHR, internal->external for field PABRJ
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_GJAHR_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_PC21D-PABRJ
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_PC21D-PABRJ.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_PC21D_STR, 
BEGDA TYPE STRING,
SAKEN TYPE STRING,
ENDDA TYPE STRING,
LFDNR TYPE STRING,
ABGRD TYPE STRING,
JAHRM TYPE STRING,
PABRP TYPE STRING,
PABRJ TYPE STRING,
DEVOM TYPE STRING,
DEMAN TYPE STRING,
LFDNM TYPE STRING,
STORN TYPE STRING,
STOKZ TYPE STRING,
LOEKZ TYPE STRING,
ERLKZ TYPE STRING,
FEHKZ TYPE STRING,
KKART TYPE STRING,
ERSTD TYPE STRING,
DUART TYPE STRING,
SORT1 TYPE STRING,
WERKS TYPE STRING,
BTRTL TYPE STRING,
DUFNR TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_PC21D_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_PC21D_STR-BEGDA sy-vline 
WA_PC21D_STR-SAKEN sy-vline 
WA_PC21D_STR-ENDDA sy-vline 
WA_PC21D_STR-LFDNR sy-vline 
WA_PC21D_STR-ABGRD sy-vline 
WA_PC21D_STR-JAHRM sy-vline 
WA_PC21D_STR-PABRP sy-vline 
WA_PC21D_STR-PABRJ sy-vline 
WA_PC21D_STR-DEVOM sy-vline 
WA_PC21D_STR-DEMAN sy-vline 
WA_PC21D_STR-LFDNM sy-vline 
WA_PC21D_STR-STORN sy-vline 
WA_PC21D_STR-STOKZ sy-vline 
WA_PC21D_STR-LOEKZ sy-vline 
WA_PC21D_STR-ERLKZ sy-vline 
WA_PC21D_STR-FEHKZ sy-vline 
WA_PC21D_STR-KKART sy-vline 
WA_PC21D_STR-ERSTD sy-vline 
WA_PC21D_STR-DUART sy-vline 
WA_PC21D_STR-SORT1 sy-vline 
WA_PC21D_STR-WERKS sy-vline 
WA_PC21D_STR-BTRTL sy-vline 
WA_PC21D_STR-DUFNR sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.