ABAP Select data from SAP table P20R1 into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP P20R1 table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to P20R1. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the P20R1 table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_P20R1 TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF P20R1,
      WA_P20R1 TYPE P20R1,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <P20R1> TYPE P20R1.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_P20R1.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM P20R1
  INTO TABLE IT_P20R1.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM P20R1
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_P20R12).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_P20R1 INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_P20R12).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_P20R1 ASSIGNING <P20R1>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<P20R1>-BUKRS = 1.
<P20R1>-WERKS = 1.
<P20R1>-BTRTL = 1.
<P20R1>-PERSG = 1.
<P20R1>-PERSK = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_P20R1 INTO WA_P20R1.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_P20R1-INFTY, sy-vline,
  WA_P20R1-SUBTY, sy-vline,
  WA_P20R1-ITBLD, sy-vline,
  WA_P20R1-DYNNR, sy-vline,
  WA_P20R1-FCODE, sy-vline,
  WA_P20R1-ITYGR, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_P20R1 you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_P20R1 TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_P20R1 INTO WA_P20R1.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_P20R1_STR, 
BUKRS TYPE STRING,
WERKS TYPE STRING,
BTRTL TYPE STRING,
PERSG TYPE STRING,
PERSK TYPE STRING,
INFTY TYPE STRING,
SUBTY TYPE STRING,
ITBLD TYPE STRING,
DYNNR TYPE STRING,
FCODE TYPE STRING,
ITYGR TYPE STRING,
MASSN TYPE STRING,
MASSG TYPE STRING,
MOLGA TYPE STRING,
MOABW TYPE STRING,
TCLAS TYPE STRING,
USERG TYPE STRING,
PERNR TYPE STRING,
ANSVH TYPE STRING,
ABKRS TYPE STRING,
ABSGR TYPE STRING,
STABS TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_P20R1_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_P20R1_STR-BUKRS sy-vline 
WA_P20R1_STR-WERKS sy-vline 
WA_P20R1_STR-BTRTL sy-vline 
WA_P20R1_STR-PERSG sy-vline 
WA_P20R1_STR-PERSK sy-vline 
WA_P20R1_STR-INFTY sy-vline 
WA_P20R1_STR-SUBTY sy-vline 
WA_P20R1_STR-ITBLD sy-vline 
WA_P20R1_STR-DYNNR sy-vline 
WA_P20R1_STR-FCODE sy-vline 
WA_P20R1_STR-ITYGR sy-vline 
WA_P20R1_STR-MASSN sy-vline 
WA_P20R1_STR-MASSG sy-vline 
WA_P20R1_STR-MOLGA sy-vline 
WA_P20R1_STR-MOABW sy-vline 
WA_P20R1_STR-TCLAS sy-vline 
WA_P20R1_STR-USERG sy-vline 
WA_P20R1_STR-PERNR sy-vline 
WA_P20R1_STR-ANSVH sy-vline 
WA_P20R1_STR-ABKRS sy-vline 
WA_P20R1_STR-ABSGR sy-vline 
WA_P20R1_STR-STABS sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.