ABAP Select data from SAP table P2051 into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP P2051 table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to P2051. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the P2051 table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_P2051 TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF P2051,
      WA_P2051 TYPE P2051,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <P2051> TYPE P2051.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_P2051.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM P2051
  INTO TABLE IT_P2051.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM P2051
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_P20512).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_P2051 INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_P20512).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_P2051 ASSIGNING <P2051>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<P2051>-PERNR = 1.
<P2051>-INFTY = 1.
<P2051>-SUBTY = 1.
<P2051>-OBJPS = 1.
<P2051>-SPRPS = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_P2051 INTO WA_P2051.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_P2051-ENDDA, sy-vline,
  WA_P2051-BEGDA, sy-vline,
  WA_P2051-SEQNR, sy-vline,
  WA_P2051-AEDTM, sy-vline,
  WA_P2051-UNAME, sy-vline,
  WA_P2051-HISTO, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_P2051 you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_P2051 TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_P2051 INTO WA_P2051.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_P2051_STR, 
PERNR TYPE STRING,
INFTY TYPE STRING,
SUBTY TYPE STRING,
OBJPS TYPE STRING,
SPRPS TYPE STRING,
ENDDA TYPE STRING,
BEGDA TYPE STRING,
SEQNR TYPE STRING,
AEDTM TYPE STRING,
UNAME TYPE STRING,
HISTO TYPE STRING,
ITXEX TYPE STRING,
REFEX TYPE STRING,
ORDEX TYPE STRING,
ITBLD TYPE STRING,
PREAS TYPE STRING,
FLAG1 TYPE STRING,
FLAG2 TYPE STRING,
FLAG3 TYPE STRING,
FLAG4 TYPE STRING,
RESE1 TYPE STRING,
RESE2 TYPE STRING,
GRPVL TYPE STRING,
BEGUZ TYPE STRING,
ENDUZ TYPE STRING,
VTKEN TYPE STRING,
WEEKN TYPE STRING,
FIDAY TYPE STRING,
LADAY TYPE STRING,
TPR01 TYPE STRING,
TAG01 TYPE STRING,
KNZ01 TYPE STRING,
VAR01 TYPE STRING,
TPR02 TYPE STRING,
TAG02 TYPE STRING,
KNZ02 TYPE STRING,
VAR02 TYPE STRING,
TPR03 TYPE STRING,
TAG03 TYPE STRING,
KNZ03 TYPE STRING,
VAR03 TYPE STRING,
TPR04 TYPE STRING,
TAG04 TYPE STRING,
KNZ04 TYPE STRING,
VAR04 TYPE STRING,
TPR05 TYPE STRING,
TAG05 TYPE STRING,
KNZ05 TYPE STRING,
VAR05 TYPE STRING,
TPR06 TYPE STRING,
TAG06 TYPE STRING,
KNZ06 TYPE STRING,
VAR06 TYPE STRING,
TPR07 TYPE STRING,
TAG07 TYPE STRING,
KNZ07 TYPE STRING,
VAR07 TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_P2051_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_P2051_STR-PERNR sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-INFTY sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-SUBTY sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-OBJPS sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-SPRPS sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-ENDDA sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-BEGDA sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-SEQNR sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-AEDTM sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-UNAME sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-HISTO sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-ITXEX sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-REFEX sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-ORDEX sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-ITBLD sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-PREAS sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-FLAG1 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-FLAG2 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-FLAG3 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-FLAG4 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-RESE1 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-RESE2 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-GRPVL sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-BEGUZ sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-ENDUZ sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-VTKEN sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-WEEKN sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-FIDAY sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-LADAY sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-TPR01 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-TAG01 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-KNZ01 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-VAR01 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-TPR02 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-TAG02 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-KNZ02 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-VAR02 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-TPR03 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-TAG03 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-KNZ03 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-VAR03 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-TPR04 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-TAG04 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-KNZ04 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-VAR04 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-TPR05 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-TAG05 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-KNZ05 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-VAR05 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-TPR06 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-TAG06 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-KNZ06 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-VAR06 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-TPR07 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-TAG07 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-KNZ07 sy-vline 
WA_P2051_STR-VAR07 sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.