ABAP Select data from SAP table LINV into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP LINV table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to LINV. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the LINV table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_LINV TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF LINV,
      WA_LINV TYPE LINV,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <LINV> TYPE LINV.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_LINV.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM LINV
  INTO TABLE IT_LINV.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM LINV
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_LINV2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_LINV INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_LINV2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_LINV ASSIGNING <LINV>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<LINV>-MANDT = 1.
<LINV>-LGNUM = 1.
<LINV>-IVNUM = 1.
<LINV>-IVPOS = 1.
<LINV>-LQNUM = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_LINV INTO WA_LINV.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_LINV-NANUM, sy-vline,
  WA_LINV-ISTAT, sy-vline,
  WA_LINV-NVERS, sy-vline,
  WA_LINV-ISEIT, sy-vline,
  WA_LINV-LGTYP, sy-vline,
  WA_LINV-LGPLA, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_LINV you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_LINV TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_LINV INTO WA_LINV.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field IVNUM
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_LINV-IVNUM
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_LINV-IVNUM.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit MATN1, internal->external for field MATNR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_MATN1_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_LINV-MATNR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_LINV-MATNR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit CUNIT, internal->external for field MEINS
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_CUNIT_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_LINV-MEINS
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_LINV-MEINS.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit CUNIT, internal->external for field ALTME
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_CUNIT_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_LINV-ALTME
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_LINV-ALTME.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field SONUM
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_LINV-SONUM
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_LINV-SONUM.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit LENUM, internal->external for field LENUM
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_LENUM_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_LINV-LENUM
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_LINV-LENUM.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_LINV_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
LGNUM TYPE STRING,
IVNUM TYPE STRING,
IVPOS TYPE STRING,
LQNUM TYPE STRING,
NANUM TYPE STRING,
ISTAT TYPE STRING,
NVERS TYPE STRING,
ISEIT TYPE STRING,
LGTYP TYPE STRING,
LGPLA TYPE STRING,
PLPOS TYPE STRING,
MATNR TYPE STRING,
WERKS TYPE STRING,
CHARG TYPE STRING,
LETYP TYPE STRING,
ANZLE TYPE STRING,
MENGE TYPE STRING,
MEINS TYPE STRING,
MENGA TYPE STRING,
ALTME TYPE STRING,
UMREZ TYPE STRING,
UMREN TYPE STRING,
BESTQ TYPE STRING,
SOBKZ TYPE STRING,
SONUM TYPE STRING,
WDATU TYPE STRING,
GESME TYPE STRING,
IDATU TYPE STRING,
KZINV TYPE STRING,
IRNUM TYPE STRING,
TANUM TYPE STRING,
TAPOS TYPE STRING,
LENUM TYPE STRING,
VFDAT TYPE STRING,
LGORT TYPE STRING,
UNAME TYPE STRING,
QUINV TYPE STRING,
SGT_SCAT TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_LINV_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_LINV_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-LGNUM sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-IVNUM sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-IVPOS sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-LQNUM sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-NANUM sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-ISTAT sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-NVERS sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-ISEIT sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-LGTYP sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-LGPLA sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-PLPOS sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-MATNR sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-WERKS sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-CHARG sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-LETYP sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-ANZLE sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-MENGE sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-MEINS sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-MENGA sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-ALTME sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-UMREZ sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-UMREN sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-BESTQ sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-SOBKZ sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-SONUM sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-WDATU sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-GESME sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-IDATU sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-KZINV sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-IRNUM sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-TANUM sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-TAPOS sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-LENUM sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-VFDAT sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-LGORT sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-UNAME sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-QUINV sy-vline 
WA_LINV_STR-SGT_SCAT sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.