ABAP Select data from SAP table IWLFCUSTSMT into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP IWLFCUSTSMT table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to IWLFCUSTSMT. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the IWLFCUSTSMT table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_IWLFCUSTSMT TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF IWLFCUSTSMT,
      WA_IWLFCUSTSMT TYPE IWLFCUSTSMT,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <IWLFCUSTSMT> TYPE IWLFCUSTSMT.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_IWLFCUSTSMT.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM IWLFCUSTSMT
  INTO TABLE IT_IWLFCUSTSMT.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM IWLFCUSTSMT
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_IWLFCUSTSMT2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_IWLFCUSTSMT INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_IWLFCUSTSMT2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_IWLFCUSTSMT ASSIGNING <IWLFCUSTSMT>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<IWLFCUSTSMT>-MANDT = 1.
<IWLFCUSTSMT>-CUSTSETTLMT = 1.
<IWLFCUSTSMT>-SETTLMTDOCTYPE = 1.
<IWLFCUSTSMT>-SETTLMTDOCCAT = 1.
<IWLFCUSTSMT>-SETTLMTPROCESSTYPE = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_IWLFCUSTSMT INTO WA_IWLFCUSTSMT.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-LOGISTICSDATAENTRYCAT, sy-vline,
  WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-SETTLMTCAT, sy-vline,
  WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-POSTINGDATE, sy-vline,
  WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-SETTLMTMGMTACCTGTRANSFSTS, sy-vline,
  WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-DOCUMENTDATE, sy-vline,
  WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-DOCUMENTREFERENCEID, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_IWLFCUSTSMT you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_IWLFCUSTSMT TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_IWLFCUSTSMT INTO WA_IWLFCUSTSMT.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field CUSTSETTLMT
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-CUSTSETTLMT
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-CUSTSETTLMT.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field BILLTOPARTY
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-BILLTOPARTY
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-BILLTOPARTY.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field PAYERPARTY
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-PAYERPARTY
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-PAYERPARTY.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field CANCLDCUSTSETTLMT
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-CANCLDCUSTSETTLMT
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-CANCLDCUSTSETTLMT.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field ONETIMECUSTOMERADDRESSID
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-ONETIMECUSTOMERADDRESSID
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-ONETIMECUSTOMERADDRESSID.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field SETTLMTRELTDCNDNCONTR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-SETTLMTRELTDCNDNCONTR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-SETTLMTRELTDCNDNCONTR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit CUNIT, internal->external for field TOTALSETTLMTQUANTITYUNIT
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_CUNIT_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-TOTALSETTLMTQUANTITYUNIT
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-TOTALSETTLMTQUANTITYUNIT.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit CUNIT, internal->external for field TOTALSETTLMTWEIGHTUNIT
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_CUNIT_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-TOTALSETTLMTWEIGHTUNIT
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-TOTALSETTLMTWEIGHTUNIT.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit CUNIT, internal->external for field TOTALSETTLMTVOLUMEUNIT
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_CUNIT_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-TOTALSETTLMTVOLUMEUNIT
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-TOTALSETTLMTVOLUMEUNIT.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit CUNIT, internal->external for field TOTALSETTLMTPOINTSQTYUNIT
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_CUNIT_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-TOTALSETTLMTPOINTSQTYUNIT
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_IWLFCUSTSMT-TOTALSETTLMTPOINTSQTYUNIT.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
CUSTSETTLMT TYPE STRING,
SETTLMTDOCTYPE TYPE STRING,
SETTLMTDOCCAT TYPE STRING,
SETTLMTPROCESSTYPE TYPE STRING,
LOGISTICSDATAENTRYCAT TYPE STRING,
SETTLMTCAT TYPE STRING,
POSTINGDATE TYPE STRING,
SETTLMTMGMTACCTGTRANSFSTS TYPE STRING,
DOCUMENTDATE TYPE STRING,
DOCUMENTREFERENCEID TYPE STRING,
ASSIGNMENTREFERENCE TYPE STRING,
SETTLMTAPPLSTS TYPE STRING,
SETTLMTAPPLSTSGRP TYPE STRING,
CUSTOMERPRICINGPROCEDURE TYPE STRING,
CUSTOMERPRICINGDOCUMENT TYPE STRING,
BILLTOPARTY TYPE STRING,
PAYERPARTY TYPE STRING,
CUSTSETTLMTCOMPANYCODE TYPE STRING,
SALESORGANIZATION TYPE STRING,
DISTRIBUTIONCHANNEL TYPE STRING,
DIVISION TYPE STRING,
SALESOFFICE TYPE STRING,
SALESGROUP TYPE STRING,
CREATEDBYUSER TYPE STRING,
CREATIONDATE TYPE STRING,
CREATIONTIME TYPE STRING,
LASTCHANGEDATE TYPE STRING,
CUSTSETTLMTCURRENCY TYPE STRING,
EXCHANGERATE TYPE STRING,
EXCHANGERATETYPE TYPE STRING,
EXCHANGERATEISFIXED TYPE STRING,
EXCHANGERATEDATE TYPE STRING,
CUSTOMERTOTALGROSSAMOUNT TYPE STRING,
CUSTOMERTOTALNETAMOUNT TYPE STRING,
CUSTOMERTOTALTAXAMOUNT TYPE STRING,
CUSTOMERPAYMENTTERMS TYPE STRING,
CUSTOMERCASHDISCOUNT1DAYS TYPE STRING,
CUSTOMERCASHDISCOUNT2DAYS TYPE STRING,
CUSTOMERNETPAYMENTDAYS TYPE STRING,
CUSTOMERCASHDISCOUNT1PERCENT TYPE STRING,
CUSTOMERCASHDISCOUNT2PERCENT TYPE STRING,
CUSTOMERPAYMENTMETHOD TYPE STRING,
CUSTTOTELIGIBLEAMTFORCSHDISC TYPE STRING,
CUSTSETTLMTISCANCELED TYPE STRING,
CANCLDCUSTSETTLMT TYPE STRING,
CUSTOMERADDITIONALVALUEDAYS TYPE STRING,
CUSTOMERFIXEDVALUEDATE TYPE STRING,
TAXDEPARTURECOUNTRY TYPE STRING,
TAXDESTINATIONCOUNTRY TYPE STRING,
ISEUTRIANGULARDEAL TYPE STRING,
CUSTSETTLMTCOCODETAXCOUNTRY TYPE STRING,
CUSTOMERVATREGISTRATION TYPE STRING,
CREDITCONTROLAREA TYPE STRING,
CREDITCONTROLAREACURRENCY TYPE STRING,
RELEASEDCREDITAMOUNT TYPE STRING,
SETTLMTDOCACTIVITYREASON TYPE STRING,
PAYMENTREFERENCE TYPE STRING,
CUSTOMERPAYMENTCURRENCY TYPE STRING,
CUSTOMERPAYTCURRENCYEXCHRATE TYPE STRING,
ONETIMECUSTOMERADDRESSID TYPE STRING,
CNDNCONTRTYPE TYPE STRING,
SETTLMTRELTDCNDNCONTR TYPE STRING,
FISCALPERIOD TYPE STRING,
SETTLMTDATECAT TYPE STRING,
ACTUALSETTLMTDATE TYPE STRING,
SETTLMTDATESEQUENTIALID TYPE STRING,
SETTLMTDATE TYPE STRING,
CUSTSETTLMTINCMPLTNSRSN TYPE STRING,
DOCINTRASTATRELEVANCE TYPE STRING,
INTRASTATDECLNGDSFLWCAT TYPE STRING,
INCOTERMSVERSION TYPE STRING,
INCOTERMSCLASSIFICATION TYPE STRING,
INCOTERMSTRANSFERLOCATION TYPE STRING,
INCOTERMSLOCATION1 TYPE STRING,
INCOTERMSLOCATION2 TYPE STRING,
SETTLMTBUSPROCVAR TYPE STRING,
SETTLMTBUSPROCCAT TYPE STRING,
SEPAMANDATE TYPE STRING,
TOTALSETTLMTQUANTITY TYPE STRING,
TOTALSETTLMTQUANTITYUNIT TYPE STRING,
TOTALSETTLMTNETWEIGHT TYPE STRING,
TOTALSETTLMTGROSSWEIGHT TYPE STRING,
TOTALSETTLMTWEIGHTUNIT TYPE STRING,
TOTALSETTLMTVOLUME TYPE STRING,
TOTALSETTLMTVOLUMEUNIT TYPE STRING,
TOTALSETTLMTPOINTSQTY TYPE STRING,
TOTALSETTLMTPOINTSQTYUNIT TYPE STRING,
SETTLMTPERIODSTARTDATE TYPE STRING,
SETTLMTPERIODENDDATE TYPE STRING,
CNDNCONTRPROCESSCATEGORY TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CUSTSETTLMT sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-SETTLMTDOCTYPE sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-SETTLMTDOCCAT sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-SETTLMTPROCESSTYPE sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-LOGISTICSDATAENTRYCAT sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-SETTLMTCAT sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-POSTINGDATE sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-SETTLMTMGMTACCTGTRANSFSTS sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-DOCUMENTDATE sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-DOCUMENTREFERENCEID sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-ASSIGNMENTREFERENCE sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-SETTLMTAPPLSTS sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-SETTLMTAPPLSTSGRP sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CUSTOMERPRICINGPROCEDURE sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CUSTOMERPRICINGDOCUMENT sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-BILLTOPARTY sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-PAYERPARTY sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CUSTSETTLMTCOMPANYCODE sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-SALESORGANIZATION sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-DISTRIBUTIONCHANNEL sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-DIVISION sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-SALESOFFICE sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-SALESGROUP sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CREATEDBYUSER sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CREATIONDATE sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CREATIONTIME sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-LASTCHANGEDATE sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CUSTSETTLMTCURRENCY sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-EXCHANGERATE sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-EXCHANGERATETYPE sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-EXCHANGERATEISFIXED sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-EXCHANGERATEDATE sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CUSTOMERTOTALGROSSAMOUNT sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CUSTOMERTOTALNETAMOUNT sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CUSTOMERTOTALTAXAMOUNT sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CUSTOMERPAYMENTTERMS sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CUSTOMERCASHDISCOUNT1DAYS sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CUSTOMERCASHDISCOUNT2DAYS sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CUSTOMERNETPAYMENTDAYS sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CUSTOMERCASHDISCOUNT1PERCENT sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CUSTOMERCASHDISCOUNT2PERCENT sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CUSTOMERPAYMENTMETHOD sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CUSTTOTELIGIBLEAMTFORCSHDISC sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CUSTSETTLMTISCANCELED sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CANCLDCUSTSETTLMT sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CUSTOMERADDITIONALVALUEDAYS sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CUSTOMERFIXEDVALUEDATE sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-TAXDEPARTURECOUNTRY sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-TAXDESTINATIONCOUNTRY sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-ISEUTRIANGULARDEAL sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CUSTSETTLMTCOCODETAXCOUNTRY sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CUSTOMERVATREGISTRATION sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CREDITCONTROLAREA sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CREDITCONTROLAREACURRENCY sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-RELEASEDCREDITAMOUNT sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-SETTLMTDOCACTIVITYREASON sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-PAYMENTREFERENCE sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CUSTOMERPAYMENTCURRENCY sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CUSTOMERPAYTCURRENCYEXCHRATE sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-ONETIMECUSTOMERADDRESSID sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CNDNCONTRTYPE sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-SETTLMTRELTDCNDNCONTR sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-FISCALPERIOD sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-SETTLMTDATECAT sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-ACTUALSETTLMTDATE sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-SETTLMTDATESEQUENTIALID sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-SETTLMTDATE sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CUSTSETTLMTINCMPLTNSRSN sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-DOCINTRASTATRELEVANCE sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-INTRASTATDECLNGDSFLWCAT sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-INCOTERMSVERSION sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-INCOTERMSCLASSIFICATION sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-INCOTERMSTRANSFERLOCATION sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-INCOTERMSLOCATION1 sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-INCOTERMSLOCATION2 sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-SETTLMTBUSPROCVAR sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-SETTLMTBUSPROCCAT sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-SEPAMANDATE sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-TOTALSETTLMTQUANTITY sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-TOTALSETTLMTQUANTITYUNIT sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-TOTALSETTLMTNETWEIGHT sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-TOTALSETTLMTGROSSWEIGHT sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-TOTALSETTLMTWEIGHTUNIT sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-TOTALSETTLMTVOLUME sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-TOTALSETTLMTVOLUMEUNIT sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-TOTALSETTLMTPOINTSQTY sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-TOTALSETTLMTPOINTSQTYUNIT sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-SETTLMTPERIODSTARTDATE sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-SETTLMTPERIODENDDATE sy-vline 
WA_IWLFCUSTSMT_STR-CNDNCONTRPROCESSCATEGORY sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.