ABAP Select data from SAP table GL_POSTINGS into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP GL_POSTINGS table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to GL_POSTINGS. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the GL_POSTINGS table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_GL_POSTINGS TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF GL_POSTINGS,
      WA_GL_POSTINGS TYPE GL_POSTINGS,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <GL_POSTINGS> TYPE GL_POSTINGS.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_GL_POSTINGS.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM GL_POSTINGS
  INTO TABLE IT_GL_POSTINGS.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM GL_POSTINGS
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_GL_POSTINGS2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_GL_POSTINGS INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_GL_POSTINGS2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_GL_POSTINGS ASSIGNING <GL_POSTINGS>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<GL_POSTINGS>-MANDT = 1.
<GL_POSTINGS>-KUKEY = 1.
<GL_POSTINGS>-ESNUM = 1.
<GL_POSTINGS>-BUKRS = 1.
<GL_POSTINGS>-BELNR = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_GL_POSTINGS INTO WA_GL_POSTINGS.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_GL_POSTINGS-GJAHR, sy-vline,
  WA_GL_POSTINGS-BUZEI, sy-vline,
  WA_GL_POSTINGS-HKONT, sy-vline,
  WA_GL_POSTINGS-VGMAN, sy-vline,
  WA_GL_POSTINGS-ABSND, sy-vline,
  WA_GL_POSTINGS-SSBTR, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_GL_POSTINGS you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_GL_POSTINGS TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_GL_POSTINGS INTO WA_GL_POSTINGS.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field BELNR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_GL_POSTINGS-BELNR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_GL_POSTINGS-BELNR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit GJAHR, internal->external for field GJAHR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_GJAHR_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_GL_POSTINGS-GJAHR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_GL_POSTINGS-GJAHR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field HKONT
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_GL_POSTINGS-HKONT
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_GL_POSTINGS-HKONT.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit AU172, internal->external for field SSBTR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_AU172_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_GL_POSTINGS-SSBTR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_GL_POSTINGS-SSBTR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit AU172, internal->external for field ESBTR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_AU172_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_GL_POSTINGS-ESBTR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_GL_POSTINGS-ESBTR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_GL_POSTINGS_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
KUKEY TYPE STRING,
ESNUM TYPE STRING,
BUKRS TYPE STRING,
BELNR TYPE STRING,
GJAHR TYPE STRING,
BUZEI TYPE STRING,
HKONT TYPE STRING,
VGMAN TYPE STRING,
ABSND TYPE STRING,
SSBTR TYPE STRING,
ESBTR TYPE STRING,
ETIME TYPE STRING,
HBKID TYPE STRING,
HKTID TYPE STRING,
EFART TYPE STRING,
ANWND TYPE STRING,
KWAER TYPE STRING,
EPVOZ TYPE STRING,
POSTING_TYPE TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_GL_POSTINGS_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_GL_POSTINGS_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_GL_POSTINGS_STR-KUKEY sy-vline 
WA_GL_POSTINGS_STR-ESNUM sy-vline 
WA_GL_POSTINGS_STR-BUKRS sy-vline 
WA_GL_POSTINGS_STR-BELNR sy-vline 
WA_GL_POSTINGS_STR-GJAHR sy-vline 
WA_GL_POSTINGS_STR-BUZEI sy-vline 
WA_GL_POSTINGS_STR-HKONT sy-vline 
WA_GL_POSTINGS_STR-VGMAN sy-vline 
WA_GL_POSTINGS_STR-ABSND sy-vline 
WA_GL_POSTINGS_STR-SSBTR sy-vline 
WA_GL_POSTINGS_STR-ESBTR sy-vline 
WA_GL_POSTINGS_STR-ETIME sy-vline 
WA_GL_POSTINGS_STR-HBKID sy-vline 
WA_GL_POSTINGS_STR-HKTID sy-vline 
WA_GL_POSTINGS_STR-EFART sy-vline 
WA_GL_POSTINGS_STR-ANWND sy-vline 
WA_GL_POSTINGS_STR-KWAER sy-vline 
WA_GL_POSTINGS_STR-EPVOZ sy-vline 
WA_GL_POSTINGS_STR-POSTING_TYPE sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.