ABAP Select data from SAP table GL_ACCOUNT into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP GL_ACCOUNT table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to GL_ACCOUNT. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the GL_ACCOUNT table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_GL_ACCOUNT TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF GL_ACCOUNT,
      WA_GL_ACCOUNT TYPE GL_ACCOUNT,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <GL_ACCOUNT> TYPE GL_ACCOUNT.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_GL_ACCOUNT.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM GL_ACCOUNT
  INTO TABLE IT_GL_ACCOUNT.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM GL_ACCOUNT
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_GL_ACCOUNT2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_GL_ACCOUNT INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_GL_ACCOUNT2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_GL_ACCOUNT ASSIGNING <GL_ACCOUNT>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<GL_ACCOUNT>-MANDT = 1.
<GL_ACCOUNT>-BUKRS = 1.
<GL_ACCOUNT>-SAKNR = 1.
<GL_ACCOUNT>-SAKAN = 1.
<GL_ACCOUNT>-KTOPL = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_GL_ACCOUNT INTO WA_GL_ACCOUNT.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_GL_ACCOUNT-MITKZ, sy-vline,
  WA_GL_ACCOUNT-BILKT, sy-vline,
  WA_GL_ACCOUNT-ALTKT, sy-vline,
  WA_GL_ACCOUNT-TXT20, sy-vline,
  WA_GL_ACCOUNT-TXT50, sy-vline,
  WA_GL_ACCOUNT-SPRAS, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_GL_ACCOUNT you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_GL_ACCOUNT TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_GL_ACCOUNT INTO WA_GL_ACCOUNT.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field SAKNR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_GL_ACCOUNT-SAKNR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_GL_ACCOUNT-SAKNR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field BILKT
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_GL_ACCOUNT-BILKT
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_GL_ACCOUNT-BILKT.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field ALTKT
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_GL_ACCOUNT-ALTKT
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_GL_ACCOUNT-ALTKT.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ISOLA, internal->external for field SPRAS
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ISOLA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_GL_ACCOUNT-SPRAS
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_GL_ACCOUNT-SPRAS.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_GL_ACCOUNT_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
BUKRS TYPE STRING,
SAKNR TYPE STRING,
SAKAN TYPE STRING,
KTOPL TYPE STRING,
MITKZ TYPE STRING,
BILKT TYPE STRING,
ALTKT TYPE STRING,
TXT20 TYPE STRING,
TXT50 TYPE STRING,
SPRAS TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_GL_ACCOUNT_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_GL_ACCOUNT_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_GL_ACCOUNT_STR-BUKRS sy-vline 
WA_GL_ACCOUNT_STR-SAKNR sy-vline 
WA_GL_ACCOUNT_STR-SAKAN sy-vline 
WA_GL_ACCOUNT_STR-KTOPL sy-vline 
WA_GL_ACCOUNT_STR-MITKZ sy-vline 
WA_GL_ACCOUNT_STR-BILKT sy-vline 
WA_GL_ACCOUNT_STR-ALTKT sy-vline 
WA_GL_ACCOUNT_STR-TXT20 sy-vline 
WA_GL_ACCOUNT_STR-TXT50 sy-vline 
WA_GL_ACCOUNT_STR-SPRAS sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.