ABAP Select data from SAP table FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC into internal table

Get Example source ABAP code based on a different SAP table
  

Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC,
      WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC TYPE FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC> TYPE FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC
  INTO TABLE IT_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC ASSIGNING <FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC>.
*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC>-STUNR = 1.
<FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC>-ZAEHK = 1.
<FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC>-BLDAT = 1.
<FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC>-KAPPL = 1.
<FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC>-KSCHL = 1.
ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC INTO WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-VBUND, sy-vline,
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-BEDAT, sy-vline,
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-EINDT, sy-vline,
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-RFTYP_PRE, sy-vline,
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-RFORG_PRE, sy-vline,
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-WKURS, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP. *Add any further fields from structure WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC you want to display... WRITE:/ sy-uline. * Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report DO. ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC TO <field>. IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF. WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline. gd_str = <field> . lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ). lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ). WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname. ENDDO. *Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value LOOP AT IT_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC INTO WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC. *Write horizonal line to screen report. WRITE:/ sy-uline. *Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO. ENDLOOP. *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form convert_all_field_values *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO. DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field VBUND CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-VBUND IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-VBUND.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit EXCRT, internal->external for field WKURS CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_EXCRT_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-WKURS IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-WKURS.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field FDGRP CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-FDGRP IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-FDGRP.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit AU132, internal->external for field WEWTW CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_AU132_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-WEWTW IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-WEWTW.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit AU132, internal->external for field WEWHW CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_AU132_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-WEWHW IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-WEWHW.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit AU132, internal->external for field REWTW CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_AU132_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-REWTW IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-REWTW.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit AU132, internal->external for field REWHW CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_AU132_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-REWHW IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-REWHW.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit AU132, internal->external for field AAWTW CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_AU132_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-AAWTW IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-AAWTW.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit AU132, internal->external for field AAWHW CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_AU132_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-AAWHW IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-AAWHW.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit AU132, internal->external for field AZWTW CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_AU132_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-AZWTW IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-AZWTW.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit AU132, internal->external for field AZWHW CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_AU132_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-AZWHW IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-AZWHW.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit AU132, internal->external for field AKWTW CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_AU132_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-AKWTW IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-AKWTW.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit AU132, internal->external for field AKWHW CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_AU132_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-AKWHW IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-AKWHW.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit AU132, internal->external for field ZAWTW CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_AU132_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-ZAWTW IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-ZAWTW.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit AU132, internal->external for field ZAWHW CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_AU132_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-ZAWHW IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-ZAWHW.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit AU132, internal->external for field PWHWO CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_AU132_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-PWHWO IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-PWHWO.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit AU132, internal->external for field PWTWO CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_AU132_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-PWTWO IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-PWTWO.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit AU132, internal->external for field WEWHW_REV CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_AU132_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-WEWHW_REV IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-WEWHW_REV.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit AU132, internal->external for field REWHW_REV CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_AU132_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-REWHW_REV IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-REWHW_REV.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit AU132, internal->external for field AZWHW_REV CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_AU132_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-AZWHW_REV IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-AZWHW_REV.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit AU132, internal->external for field AAWHW_REV CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_AU132_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-AAWHW_REV IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC-AAWHW_REV.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form process_as_string_field_values *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO. TYPES: BEGIN OF T_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR,
STUNR TYPE STRING,
ZAEHK TYPE STRING,
BLDAT TYPE STRING,
KAPPL TYPE STRING,
KSCHL TYPE STRING,
VBUND TYPE STRING,
BEDAT TYPE STRING,
EINDT TYPE STRING,
RFTYP_PRE TYPE STRING,
RFORG_PRE TYPE STRING,
WKURS TYPE STRING,
KUFIX TYPE STRING,
ZTERM TYPE STRING,
ZBD1T TYPE STRING,
ZBD2T TYPE STRING,
ZBD3T TYPE STRING,
ZBD1P TYPE STRING,
ZBD2P TYPE STRING,
FDGRP TYPE STRING,
FDLEV TYPE STRING,
SGTXT TYPE STRING,
WEPOS TYPE STRING,
WEUNB TYPE STRING,
REPOS TYPE STRING,
BEMNG TYPE STRING,
WEMNG TYPE STRING,
WEWTW TYPE STRING,
WEWHW TYPE STRING,
REMNG TYPE STRING,
REWTW TYPE STRING,
REWHW TYPE STRING,
AAWTW TYPE STRING,
AAWHW TYPE STRING,
AZWTW TYPE STRING,
AZWHW TYPE STRING,
AKWTW TYPE STRING,
AKWHW TYPE STRING,
ZAWTW TYPE STRING,
ZAWHW TYPE STRING,
ELIKZ TYPE STRING,
EREKZ TYPE STRING,
RETPO TYPE STRING,
XNEWP TYPE STRING,
ZFBDT TYPE STRING,
ANZAHLKZ TYPE STRING,
FRGRL TYPE STRING,
PWHWO TYPE STRING,
PWTWO TYPE STRING,
MEMORY TYPE STRING,
FPL_EXISTS TYPE STRING,
WEMNG_P TYPE STRING,
WEWTW_P TYPE STRING,
WEWHW_P TYPE STRING,
REMNG_P TYPE STRING,
REWTW_P TYPE STRING,
REWHW_P TYPE STRING,
WEMNG_PF TYPE STRING,
REMNG_PF TYPE STRING,
BEMNG_F TYPE STRING,
WEMNG_F TYPE STRING,
REMNG_F TYPE STRING,
WEWHW_REV TYPE STRING,
REWHW_REV TYPE STRING,
AZWHW_REV TYPE STRING,
AAWHW_REV TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR. DATA: WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR type T_EKKO_STR. DATA: ld_text TYPE string. LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO. MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR. CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-STUNR sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-ZAEHK sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-BLDAT sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-KAPPL sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-KSCHL sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-VBUND sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-BEDAT sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-EINDT sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-RFTYP_PRE sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-RFORG_PRE sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-WKURS sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-KUFIX sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-ZTERM sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-ZBD1T sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-ZBD2T sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-ZBD3T sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-ZBD1P sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-ZBD2P sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-FDGRP sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-FDLEV sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-SGTXT sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-WEPOS sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-WEUNB sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-REPOS sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-BEMNG sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-WEMNG sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-WEWTW sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-WEWHW sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-REMNG sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-REWTW sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-REWHW sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-AAWTW sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-AAWHW sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-AZWTW sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-AZWHW sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-AKWTW sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-AKWHW sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-ZAWTW sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-ZAWHW sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-ELIKZ sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-EREKZ sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-RETPO sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-XNEWP sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-ZFBDT sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-ANZAHLKZ sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-FRGRL sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-PWHWO sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-PWTWO sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-MEMORY sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-FPL_EXISTS sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-WEMNG_P sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-WEWTW_P sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-WEWHW_P sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-REMNG_P sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-REWTW_P sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-REWHW_P sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-WEMNG_PF sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-REMNG_PF sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-BEMNG_F sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-WEMNG_F sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-REMNG_F sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-WEWHW_REV sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-REWHW_REV sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-AZWHW_REV sy-vline
WA_FIN_CFIN_S_CMT_EKBP_SPEC_STR-AAWHW_REV sy-vline INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE. *Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE... ENDLOOP. ENDFORM.