ABAP Select data from SAP table EL20_IDOC into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP EL20_IDOC table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to EL20_IDOC. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the EL20_IDOC table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_EL20_IDOC TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EL20_IDOC,
      WA_EL20_IDOC TYPE EL20_IDOC,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <EL20_IDOC> TYPE EL20_IDOC.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_EL20_IDOC.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM EL20_IDOC
  INTO TABLE IT_EL20_IDOC.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM EL20_IDOC
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_EL20_IDOC2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_EL20_IDOC INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_EL20_IDOC2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_EL20_IDOC ASSIGNING <EL20_IDOC>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<EL20_IDOC>-EQUNR = 1.
<EL20_IDOC>-ZWNUMMER = 1.
<EL20_IDOC>-ABLESGR = 1.
<EL20_IDOC>-ABLBELNR = 1.
<EL20_IDOC>-ZWSTAND = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_EL20_IDOC INTO WA_EL20_IDOC.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_EL20_IDOC-ABLHINW, sy-vline,
  WA_EL20_IDOC-ISTABLART, sy-vline,
  WA_EL20_IDOC-ABLESER, sy-vline,
  WA_EL20_IDOC-ADAT, sy-vline,
  WA_EL20_IDOC-ATIM, sy-vline,
  WA_EL20_IDOC-ADATTATS, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_EL20_IDOC you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_EL20_IDOC TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_EL20_IDOC INTO WA_EL20_IDOC.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field EQUNR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_EL20_IDOC-EQUNR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_EL20_IDOC-EQUNR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field ABLBELNR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_EL20_IDOC-ABLBELNR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_EL20_IDOC-ABLBELNR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit HH_MM, internal->external for field ATIM
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_HH_MM_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_EL20_IDOC-ATIM
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_EL20_IDOC-ATIM.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit HH_MM, internal->external for field ATIMTATS
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_HH_MM_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_EL20_IDOC-ATIMTATS
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_EL20_IDOC-ATIMTATS.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit HH_MM, internal->external for field ATIMMAX
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_HH_MM_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_EL20_IDOC-ATIMMAX
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_EL20_IDOC-ATIMMAX.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field AUFNR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_EL20_IDOC-AUFNR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_EL20_IDOC-AUFNR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_EL20_IDOC_STR, 
EQUNR TYPE STRING,
ZWNUMMER TYPE STRING,
ABLESGR TYPE STRING,
ABLBELNR TYPE STRING,
ZWSTAND TYPE STRING,
ABLHINW TYPE STRING,
ISTABLART TYPE STRING,
ABLESER TYPE STRING,
ADAT TYPE STRING,
ATIM TYPE STRING,
ADATTATS TYPE STRING,
ATIMTATS TYPE STRING,
ADATMAX TYPE STRING,
ATIMMAX TYPE STRING,
AUFNR TYPE STRING,
AKTIV TYPE STRING,
SEGNUM TYPE STRING,
MRRES_BILLED TYPE STRING,
ADATSOLL TYPE STRING,
NO_AMI_LIMITS TYPE STRING,
CHANGE_ALL TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_EL20_IDOC_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_EL20_IDOC_STR-EQUNR sy-vline 
WA_EL20_IDOC_STR-ZWNUMMER sy-vline 
WA_EL20_IDOC_STR-ABLESGR sy-vline 
WA_EL20_IDOC_STR-ABLBELNR sy-vline 
WA_EL20_IDOC_STR-ZWSTAND sy-vline 
WA_EL20_IDOC_STR-ABLHINW sy-vline 
WA_EL20_IDOC_STR-ISTABLART sy-vline 
WA_EL20_IDOC_STR-ABLESER sy-vline 
WA_EL20_IDOC_STR-ADAT sy-vline 
WA_EL20_IDOC_STR-ATIM sy-vline 
WA_EL20_IDOC_STR-ADATTATS sy-vline 
WA_EL20_IDOC_STR-ATIMTATS sy-vline 
WA_EL20_IDOC_STR-ADATMAX sy-vline 
WA_EL20_IDOC_STR-ATIMMAX sy-vline 
WA_EL20_IDOC_STR-AUFNR sy-vline 
WA_EL20_IDOC_STR-AKTIV sy-vline 
WA_EL20_IDOC_STR-SEGNUM sy-vline 
WA_EL20_IDOC_STR-MRRES_BILLED sy-vline 
WA_EL20_IDOC_STR-ADATSOLL sy-vline 
WA_EL20_IDOC_STR-NO_AMI_LIMITS sy-vline 
WA_EL20_IDOC_STR-CHANGE_ALL sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.