ABAP Select data from SAP table DDBOOK into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP DDBOOK table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to DDBOOK. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the DDBOOK table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_DDBOOK TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF DDBOOK,
      WA_DDBOOK TYPE DDBOOK,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <DDBOOK> TYPE DDBOOK.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_DDBOOK.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM DDBOOK
  INTO TABLE IT_DDBOOK.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM DDBOOK
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_DDBOOK2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_DDBOOK INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_DDBOOK2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_DDBOOK ASSIGNING <DDBOOK>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<DDBOOK>-POSBLOCK = 1.
<DDBOOK>-AUSINFO = 1.
<DDBOOK>-POSFELD = 1.
<DDBOOK>-AUSFELD = 1.
<DDBOOK>-LENFELDDE = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_DDBOOK INTO WA_DDBOOK.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_DDBOOK-LENFELDTX, sy-vline,
  WA_DDBOOK-LENFELDDO, sy-vline,
  WA_DDBOOK-LENFELD, sy-vline,
  WA_DDBOOK-FIELDS, sy-vline,
  WA_DDBOOK-FIELDSH, sy-vline,
  WA_DDBOOK-FIELDAUS0, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_DDBOOK you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_DDBOOK TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_DDBOOK INTO WA_DDBOOK.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit DTYPE, internal->external for field TYPE
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_DTYPE_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_DDBOOK-TYPE
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_DDBOOK-TYPE.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_DDBOOK_STR, 
POSBLOCK TYPE STRING,
AUSINFO TYPE STRING,
POSFELD TYPE STRING,
AUSFELD TYPE STRING,
LENFELDDE TYPE STRING,
LENFELDTX TYPE STRING,
LENFELDDO TYPE STRING,
LENFELD TYPE STRING,
FIELDS TYPE STRING,
FIELDSH TYPE STRING,
FIELDAUS0 TYPE STRING,
FIELDAUS1 TYPE STRING,
FIELDAUS2 TYPE STRING,
FIELDAUS3 TYPE STRING,
FIELDS0 TYPE STRING,
FIELDS1 TYPE STRING,
FIELDS2 TYPE STRING,
FIELDS3 TYPE STRING,
UMBRUCH TYPE STRING,
SPACES TYPE STRING,
FELDNAME TYPE STRING,
KEYFLAG TYPE STRING,
TYPE TYPE STRING,
LAENGE TYPE STRING,
DATENELEM TYPE STRING,
DOMAENE TYPE STRING,
TEXT TYPE STRING,
OBJNAME TYPE STRING,
OBJID TYPE STRING,
ORGFELD TYPE STRING,
ORGTAB TYPE STRING,
ANZFIELDS TYPE STRING,
GESLENTAB TYPE STRING,
DEVCLASS TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_DDBOOK_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_DDBOOK_STR-POSBLOCK sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-AUSINFO sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-POSFELD sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-AUSFELD sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-LENFELDDE sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-LENFELDTX sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-LENFELDDO sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-LENFELD sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-FIELDS sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-FIELDSH sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-FIELDAUS0 sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-FIELDAUS1 sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-FIELDAUS2 sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-FIELDAUS3 sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-FIELDS0 sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-FIELDS1 sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-FIELDS2 sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-FIELDS3 sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-UMBRUCH sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-SPACES sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-FELDNAME sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-KEYFLAG sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-TYPE sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-LAENGE sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-DATENELEM sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-DOMAENE sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-TEXT sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-OBJNAME sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-OBJID sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-ORGFELD sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-ORGTAB sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-ANZFIELDS sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-GESLENTAB sy-vline 
WA_DDBOOK_STR-DEVCLASS sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.