ABAP Select data from SAP table DBNTAB into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP DBNTAB table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to DBNTAB. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the DBNTAB table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_DBNTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF DBNTAB,
      WA_DBNTAB TYPE DBNTAB,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <DBNTAB> TYPE DBNTAB.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_DBNTAB.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM DBNTAB
  INTO TABLE IT_DBNTAB.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM DBNTAB
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_DBNTAB2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_DBNTAB INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_DBNTAB2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_DBNTAB ASSIGNING <DBNTAB>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<DBNTAB>-TABNAME = 1.
<DBNTAB>-FIELDNAME = 1.
<DBNTAB>-NTPOSITION = 1.
<DBNTAB>-DTYP = 1.
<DBNTAB>-NTDBLENGTH = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_DBNTAB INTO WA_DBNTAB.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_DBNTAB-NTDECIMALS, sy-vline,
  WA_DBNTAB-NTDIGITS, sy-vline,
  WA_DBNTAB-NTKEYPOS, sy-vline,
  WA_DBNTAB-DBTYPE, sy-vline,
  WA_DBNTAB-DBLENGTH, sy-vline,
  WA_DBNTAB-DBDECIMALS, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_DBNTAB you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_DBNTAB TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_DBNTAB INTO WA_DBNTAB.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit DTYPE, internal->external for field DTYP
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_DTYPE_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_DBNTAB-DTYP
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_DBNTAB-DTYP.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_DBNTAB_STR, 
TABNAME TYPE STRING,
FIELDNAME TYPE STRING,
NTPOSITION TYPE STRING,
DTYP TYPE STRING,
NTDBLENGTH TYPE STRING,
NTDECIMALS TYPE STRING,
NTDIGITS TYPE STRING,
NTKEYPOS TYPE STRING,
DBTYPE TYPE STRING,
DBLENGTH TYPE STRING,
DBDECIMALS TYPE STRING,
DBPOSITION TYPE STRING,
DBKEYPOS TYPE STRING,
DIFFERENCE TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_DBNTAB_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_DBNTAB_STR-TABNAME sy-vline 
WA_DBNTAB_STR-FIELDNAME sy-vline 
WA_DBNTAB_STR-NTPOSITION sy-vline 
WA_DBNTAB_STR-DTYP sy-vline 
WA_DBNTAB_STR-NTDBLENGTH sy-vline 
WA_DBNTAB_STR-NTDECIMALS sy-vline 
WA_DBNTAB_STR-NTDIGITS sy-vline 
WA_DBNTAB_STR-NTKEYPOS sy-vline 
WA_DBNTAB_STR-DBTYPE sy-vline 
WA_DBNTAB_STR-DBLENGTH sy-vline 
WA_DBNTAB_STR-DBDECIMALS sy-vline 
WA_DBNTAB_STR-DBPOSITION sy-vline 
WA_DBNTAB_STR-DBKEYPOS sy-vline 
WA_DBNTAB_STR-DIFFERENCE sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.