ABAP Select data from SAP table CMDHIER into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP CMDHIER table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to CMDHIER. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the CMDHIER table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_CMDHIER TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF CMDHIER,
      WA_CMDHIER TYPE CMDHIER,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <CMDHIER> TYPE CMDHIER.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_CMDHIER.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM CMDHIER
  INTO TABLE IT_CMDHIER.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM CMDHIER
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_CMDHIER2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_CMDHIER INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_CMDHIER2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_CMDHIER ASSIGNING <CMDHIER>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<CMDHIER>-MANDT = 1.
<CMDHIER>-MASTERDATAHIERARCHY = 1.
<CMDHIER>-LANGUAGE = 1.
<CMDHIER>-MDHIERNAME = 1.
<CMDHIER>-MDHIERDESCRIPTION = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_CMDHIER INTO WA_CMDHIER.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_CMDHIER-MDHIERGENERATIONSTATUS, sy-vline,
  WA_CMDHIER-MDHIERTEMPLATE, sy-vline,
  WA_CMDHIER-MDHIERTEMPLATENAME, sy-vline,
  WA_CMDHIER-MDHIERTEMPLATEDESCRIPTION, sy-vline,
  WA_CMDHIER-CREATEDBYUSER, sy-vline,
  WA_CMDHIER-CREATEDBYUSERFULLNAME, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_CMDHIER you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_CMDHIER TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_CMDHIER INTO WA_CMDHIER.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field MASTERDATAHIERARCHY
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_CMDHIER-MASTERDATAHIERARCHY
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_CMDHIER-MASTERDATAHIERARCHY.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ISOLA, internal->external for field LANGUAGE
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ISOLA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_CMDHIER-LANGUAGE
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_CMDHIER-LANGUAGE.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_CMDHIER_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
MASTERDATAHIERARCHY TYPE STRING,
LANGUAGE TYPE STRING,
MDHIERNAME TYPE STRING,
MDHIERDESCRIPTION TYPE STRING,
MDHIERGENERATIONSTATUS TYPE STRING,
MDHIERTEMPLATE TYPE STRING,
MDHIERTEMPLATENAME TYPE STRING,
MDHIERTEMPLATEDESCRIPTION TYPE STRING,
CREATEDBYUSER TYPE STRING,
CREATEDBYUSERFULLNAME TYPE STRING,
CREATIONUTCDATETIME TYPE STRING,
LASTCHANGEDBYUSER TYPE STRING,
LASTCHANGEDBYUSERFULLNAME TYPE STRING,
LASTCHANGEUTCDATETIME TYPE STRING,
LASTGENERATIONUTCDATETIME TYPE STRING,
MDHIERETAGUTCDATETIME TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_CMDHIER_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_CMDHIER_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_CMDHIER_STR-MASTERDATAHIERARCHY sy-vline 
WA_CMDHIER_STR-LANGUAGE sy-vline 
WA_CMDHIER_STR-MDHIERNAME sy-vline 
WA_CMDHIER_STR-MDHIERDESCRIPTION sy-vline 
WA_CMDHIER_STR-MDHIERGENERATIONSTATUS sy-vline 
WA_CMDHIER_STR-MDHIERTEMPLATE sy-vline 
WA_CMDHIER_STR-MDHIERTEMPLATENAME sy-vline 
WA_CMDHIER_STR-MDHIERTEMPLATEDESCRIPTION sy-vline 
WA_CMDHIER_STR-CREATEDBYUSER sy-vline 
WA_CMDHIER_STR-CREATEDBYUSERFULLNAME sy-vline 
WA_CMDHIER_STR-CREATIONUTCDATETIME sy-vline 
WA_CMDHIER_STR-LASTCHANGEDBYUSER sy-vline 
WA_CMDHIER_STR-LASTCHANGEDBYUSERFULLNAME sy-vline 
WA_CMDHIER_STR-LASTCHANGEUTCDATETIME sy-vline 
WA_CMDHIER_STR-LASTGENERATIONUTCDATETIME sy-vline 
WA_CMDHIER_STR-MDHIERETAGUTCDATETIME sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.