ABAP Select data from SAP table BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10 into internal table

Get Example source ABAP code based on a different SAP table
  

Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10 table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10 table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10 TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10,
      WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10 TYPE BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10> TYPE BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10
  INTO TABLE IT_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP102).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10 INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP102).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10 ASSIGNING <BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10>.
*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10>-PREQ_NO = 1.
<BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10>-PREQ_ITEM = 1.
<BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10>-DOC_TYPE = 1.
<BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10>-PUR_GROUP = 1.
<BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10>-CREATED_BY = 1.
ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10 INTO WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-PREQ_NAME, sy-vline,
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-PREQ_DATE, sy-vline,
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-SHORT_TEXT, sy-vline,
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-MATERIAL, sy-vline,
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-PUR_MAT, sy-vline,
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-PLANT, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP. *Add any further fields from structure WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10 you want to display... WRITE:/ sy-uline. * Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report DO. ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10 TO <field>. IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF. WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline. gd_str = <field> . lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ). lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ). WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname. ENDDO. *Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value LOOP AT IT_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10 INTO WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10. *Write horizonal line to screen report. WRITE:/ sy-uline. *Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO. ENDLOOP. *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form convert_all_field_values *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO. DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field PREQ_NO CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-PREQ_NO IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-PREQ_NO.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit MATN1, internal->external for field MATERIAL CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_MATN1_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-MATERIAL IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-MATERIAL.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit MATN1, internal->external for field PUR_MAT CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_MATN1_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-PUR_MAT IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-PUR_MAT.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit CUNIT, internal->external for field UNIT CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_CUNIT_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-UNIT IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-UNIT.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field DES_VENDOR CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-DES_VENDOR IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-DES_VENDOR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field FIXED_VEND CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-FIXED_VEND IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-FIXED_VEND.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field AGREEMENT CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-AGREEMENT IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-AGREEMENT.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field INFO_REC CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-INFO_REC IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-INFO_REC.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field QUOTA_ARR CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-QUOTA_ARR IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-QUOTA_ARR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit CUNIT, internal->external for field PO_UNIT CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_CUNIT_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-PO_UNIT IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-PO_UNIT.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit NUMCV, internal->external for field REV_LEV CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_NUMCV_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-REV_LEV IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-REV_LEV.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field PROMOTION CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-PROMOTION IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-PROMOTION.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field MFR_NO CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-MFR_NO IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-MFR_NO.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit MATNL, internal->external for field MATERIAL_EXTERNAL CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_MATNL_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-MATERIAL_EXTERNAL IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-MATERIAL_EXTERNAL.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit MATNW, internal->external for field MATERIAL_VERSION CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_MATNW_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-MATERIAL_VERSION IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-MATERIAL_VERSION.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit MATNL, internal->external for field PUR_MAT_EXTERNAL CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_MATNL_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-PUR_MAT_EXTERNAL IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-PUR_MAT_EXTERNAL.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit MATNW, internal->external for field PUR_MAT_VERSION CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_MATNW_OUTPUT' EXPORTING input = WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-PUR_MAT_VERSION IMPORTING output = ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10-PUR_MAT_VERSION.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form process_as_string_field_values *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO. TYPES: BEGIN OF T_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR,
PREQ_NO TYPE STRING,
PREQ_ITEM TYPE STRING,
DOC_TYPE TYPE STRING,
PUR_GROUP TYPE STRING,
CREATED_BY TYPE STRING,
PREQ_NAME TYPE STRING,
PREQ_DATE TYPE STRING,
SHORT_TEXT TYPE STRING,
MATERIAL TYPE STRING,
PUR_MAT TYPE STRING,
PLANT TYPE STRING,
STORE_LOC TYPE STRING,
TRACKINGNO TYPE STRING,
MAT_GRP TYPE STRING,
SUPPL_PLNT TYPE STRING,
QUANTITY TYPE STRING,
UNIT TYPE STRING,
DEL_DATCAT TYPE STRING,
DELIV_DATE TYPE STRING,
REL_DATE TYPE STRING,
GR_PR_TIME TYPE STRING,
C_AMT_BAPI TYPE STRING,
PRICE_UNIT TYPE STRING,
ITEM_CAT TYPE STRING,
ACCTASSCAT TYPE STRING,
DISTRIB TYPE STRING,
PART_INV TYPE STRING,
GR_IND TYPE STRING,
GR_NON_VAL TYPE STRING,
IR_IND TYPE STRING,
DES_VENDOR TYPE STRING,
FIXED_VEND TYPE STRING,
PURCH_ORG TYPE STRING,
AGREEMENT TYPE STRING,
AGMT_ITEM TYPE STRING,
INFO_REC TYPE STRING,
QUOTA_ARR TYPE STRING,
QUOTARRITM TYPE STRING,
MRP_CONTR TYPE STRING,
BOMEXPL_NO TYPE STRING,
LAST_RESUB TYPE STRING,
RESUBMIS TYPE STRING,
NO_RESUB TYPE STRING,
VAL_TYPE TYPE STRING,
SPEC_STOCK TYPE STRING,
PO_UNIT TYPE STRING,
REV_LEV TYPE STRING,
PCKG_NO TYPE STRING,
KANBAN_IND TYPE STRING,
PO_PRICE TYPE STRING,
INT_OBJ_NO TYPE STRING,
PROMOTION TYPE STRING,
BATCH TYPE STRING,
VEND_MAT TYPE STRING,
ORDERED TYPE STRING,
CURRENCY TYPE STRING,
MANUF_PROF TYPE STRING,
MANU_MAT TYPE STRING,
MFR_NO TYPE STRING,
MFR_NO_EXT TYPE STRING,
DEL_DATCAT_EXT TYPE STRING,
CURRENCY_ISO TYPE STRING,
ITEM_CAT_EXT TYPE STRING,
PREQ_UNIT_ISO TYPE STRING,
PO_UNIT_ISO TYPE STRING,
GENERAL_RELEASE TYPE STRING,
MATERIAL_EXTERNAL TYPE STRING,
MATERIAL_GUID TYPE STRING,
MATERIAL_VERSION TYPE STRING,
PUR_MAT_EXTERNAL TYPE STRING,
PUR_MAT_GUID TYPE STRING,
PUR_MAT_VERSION TYPE STRING,
REQ_BLOCKED TYPE STRING,
REASON_BLOCKING TYPE STRING,
PROCURING_PLANT TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR. DATA: WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR type T_EKKO_STR. DATA: ld_text TYPE string. LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO. MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR. CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-PREQ_NO sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-PREQ_ITEM sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-DOC_TYPE sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-PUR_GROUP sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-CREATED_BY sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-PREQ_NAME sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-PREQ_DATE sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-SHORT_TEXT sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-MATERIAL sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-PUR_MAT sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-PLANT sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-STORE_LOC sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-TRACKINGNO sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-MAT_GRP sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-SUPPL_PLNT sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-QUANTITY sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-UNIT sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-DEL_DATCAT sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-DELIV_DATE sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-REL_DATE sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-GR_PR_TIME sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-C_AMT_BAPI sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-PRICE_UNIT sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-ITEM_CAT sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-ACCTASSCAT sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-DISTRIB sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-PART_INV sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-GR_IND sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-GR_NON_VAL sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-IR_IND sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-DES_VENDOR sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-FIXED_VEND sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-PURCH_ORG sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-AGREEMENT sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-AGMT_ITEM sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-INFO_REC sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-QUOTA_ARR sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-QUOTARRITM sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-MRP_CONTR sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-BOMEXPL_NO sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-LAST_RESUB sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-RESUBMIS sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-NO_RESUB sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-VAL_TYPE sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-SPEC_STOCK sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-PO_UNIT sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-REV_LEV sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-PCKG_NO sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-KANBAN_IND sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-PO_PRICE sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-INT_OBJ_NO sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-PROMOTION sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-BATCH sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-VEND_MAT sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-ORDERED sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-CURRENCY sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-MANUF_PROF sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-MANU_MAT sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-MFR_NO sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-MFR_NO_EXT sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-DEL_DATCAT_EXT sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-CURRENCY_ISO sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-ITEM_CAT_EXT sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-PREQ_UNIT_ISO sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-PO_UNIT_ISO sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-GENERAL_RELEASE sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-MATERIAL_EXTERNAL sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-MATERIAL_GUID sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-MATERIAL_VERSION sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-PUR_MAT_EXTERNAL sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-PUR_MAT_GUID sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-PUR_MAT_VERSION sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-REQ_BLOCKED sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-REASON_BLOCKING sy-vline
WA_BBPS_BS_RQ_ITEM_ERP10_STR-PROCURING_PLANT sy-vline INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE. *Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE... ENDLOOP. ENDFORM.