ABAP Select data from SAP table API_THEAD into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP API_THEAD table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to API_THEAD. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the API_THEAD table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_API_THEAD TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF API_THEAD,
      WA_API_THEAD TYPE API_THEAD,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <API_THEAD> TYPE API_THEAD.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_API_THEAD.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM API_THEAD
  INTO TABLE IT_API_THEAD.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM API_THEAD
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_API_THEAD2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_API_THEAD INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_API_THEAD2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_API_THEAD ASSIGNING <API_THEAD>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<API_THEAD>-PVGUID = 1.
<API_THEAD>-AENNR = 1.
<API_THEAD>-TDOBJECT = 1.
<API_THEAD>-TDNAME = 1.
<API_THEAD>-TDID = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_API_THEAD INTO WA_API_THEAD.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_API_THEAD-TDSPRAS, sy-vline,
  WA_API_THEAD-TDTITLE, sy-vline,
  WA_API_THEAD-TDFORM, sy-vline,
  WA_API_THEAD-TDSTYLE, sy-vline,
  WA_API_THEAD-TDVERSION, sy-vline,
  WA_API_THEAD-TDFUSER, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_API_THEAD you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_API_THEAD TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_API_THEAD INTO WA_API_THEAD.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field AENNR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_API_THEAD-AENNR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_API_THEAD-AENNR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ISOLA, internal->external for field TDSPRAS
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ISOLA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_API_THEAD-TDSPRAS
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_API_THEAD-TDSPRAS.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ISOLA, internal->external for field TDOSPRAS
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ISOLA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_API_THEAD-TDOSPRAS
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_API_THEAD-TDOSPRAS.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_API_THEAD_STR, 
PVGUID TYPE STRING,
AENNR TYPE STRING,
TDOBJECT TYPE STRING,
TDNAME TYPE STRING,
TDID TYPE STRING,
TDSPRAS TYPE STRING,
TDTITLE TYPE STRING,
TDFORM TYPE STRING,
TDSTYLE TYPE STRING,
TDVERSION TYPE STRING,
TDFUSER TYPE STRING,
TDFRELES TYPE STRING,
TDFDATE TYPE STRING,
TDFTIME TYPE STRING,
TDLUSER TYPE STRING,
TDLRELES TYPE STRING,
TDLDATE TYPE STRING,
TDLTIME TYPE STRING,
TDLINESIZE TYPE STRING,
TDTXTLINES TYPE STRING,
TDHYPHENAT TYPE STRING,
TDOSPRAS TYPE STRING,
TDTRANSTAT TYPE STRING,
TDMACODE1 TYPE STRING,
TDMACODE2 TYPE STRING,
TDREFOBJ TYPE STRING,
TDREFNAME TYPE STRING,
TDREFID TYPE STRING,
TDTEXTTYPE TYPE STRING,
TDCOMPRESS TYPE STRING,
MANDT TYPE STRING,
TDOCLASS TYPE STRING,
UPDKZ TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_API_THEAD_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_API_THEAD_STR-PVGUID sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-AENNR sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDOBJECT sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDNAME sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDID sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDSPRAS sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDTITLE sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDFORM sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDSTYLE sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDVERSION sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDFUSER sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDFRELES sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDFDATE sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDFTIME sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDLUSER sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDLRELES sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDLDATE sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDLTIME sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDLINESIZE sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDTXTLINES sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDHYPHENAT sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDOSPRAS sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDTRANSTAT sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDMACODE1 sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDMACODE2 sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDREFOBJ sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDREFNAME sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDREFID sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDTEXTTYPE sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDCOMPRESS sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-TDOCLASS sy-vline 
WA_API_THEAD_STR-UPDKZ sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.