ABAP Select data from SAP table A940 into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP A940 table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to A940. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the A940 table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_A940 TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF A940,
      WA_A940 TYPE A940,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <A940> TYPE A940.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_A940.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM A940
  INTO TABLE IT_A940.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM A940
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_A9402).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_A940 INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_A9402).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_A940 ASSIGNING <A940>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<A940>-MANDT = 1.
<A940>-KAPPL = 1.
<A940>-KSCHL = 1.
<A940>-ALAND = 1.
<A940>-REGIO = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_A940 INTO WA_A940.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_A940-TAXK2, sy-vline,
  WA_A940-TAXM2, sy-vline,
  WA_A940-DATBI, sy-vline,
  WA_A940-DATAB, sy-vline,
  WA_A940-KNUMH, sy-vline,
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_A940 you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_A940 TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_A940 INTO WA_A940.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_A940_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
KAPPL TYPE STRING,
KSCHL TYPE STRING,
ALAND TYPE STRING,
REGIO TYPE STRING,
TAXK2 TYPE STRING,
TAXM2 TYPE STRING,
DATBI TYPE STRING,
DATAB TYPE STRING,
KNUMH TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_A940_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_A940_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_A940_STR-KAPPL sy-vline 
WA_A940_STR-KSCHL sy-vline 
WA_A940_STR-ALAND sy-vline 
WA_A940_STR-REGIO sy-vline 
WA_A940_STR-TAXK2 sy-vline 
WA_A940_STR-TAXM2 sy-vline 
WA_A940_STR-DATBI sy-vline 
WA_A940_STR-DATAB sy-vline 
WA_A940_STR-KNUMH sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.